| Class/Group/Family | Topics |
|---|
| The "Rock of the Month" | with select "Museum Moments" (MM) |
|---|
| Aa (a'a) basalts (note only) | --- #258 --- Pahoehoe basalts, Hawaii and Iceland |
| Acasta gneiss | --- #212 --- Oldest rock known on Earth, Northwest Territories, Canada |
| Adamellite | --- #29 --- Shap granite, Lake District, England |
| Adamellite (notes only) | --- #253 --- Molybdenite from Boss Mountain, British Columbia |
| African Copperbelt | --- #267 --- Malachite, Democratic Republic of Congo |
| Agalmatolite | --- #203 --- Qingtian stone, superb lapidary material from China |
| Agate | --- #269 --- Agate (locality unknown) |
| Agate | --- #277 --- Agate (locality unknown) |
| Ages of rocks, geologic time | --- #212 --- Oldest rock known on Earth, Northwest Territories, Canada |
| Agrellite - Na Ca F | --- #94 --- Agrellite and eudialyte, Kipawa, Quebec |
| Airfall deposits | --- #159 --- Lapilli tuff / cherty sediment of Sudbury impact event, central Ontario |
| Airfall deposits | --- #213 --- Impact ejecta, Thunder Bay, Ontario |
| Alabaster - gypsum - Ca S | --- #288 --- Gypsum, Atacama desert, Chile |
| Allivalite (troctolite) | --- #31 --- Allivalite, Rhum, Scotland |
| Allivalite (troctolite - note only) | --- #244 ---
"Old Gabbro" of Ardnamurchan, Scotland |
| Almandine - Al Fe garnet | --- #230 --- Garnet in pegmatitic leucogranite, Quetico subprovince, northwest Ontario |
| Altaite - Pb Te | --- #67 --- Rucklidgeite, rare telluride, N.E. Ontario |
| Alteration (and ore deposits) | --- ---- --- See "hydrothermal alteration", and discrete themes |
| Amazonite feldspar | --- ---- --- See "tectosilicates - feldspars" |
| Amethyst - Si | --- ---- --- See also "tectosilicates - silica" |
| Amethyst - Si | --- #73 --- Amethyst, Thunder Bay, N.W. Ontario |
| Amethyst - Si | --- #206 --- Quartz as semi-precious stone, with amethyst |
| Ammonites | --- ---- --- See "fossils" section |
| Amphibians | ---
#247 ---
Glanochthon, Permian amphibian, Germany (MM08) |
| Amphiboles - lamprobolite (basaltic hornblende) | --- #147 --- Andesite lava from Poas volcano, at Bosque de Paz, Costa Rica |
| Amphiboles - lamprobolite (basaltic hornblende) | --- #235 --- Volcanic rocks of the Pico de Orizaba, Mexico |
| Amphiboles - arfvedsonite | --- #138 --- Eudialyte syenite from Kipawa, Quebec (MM02) |
| Amphiboles - hornblende | --- #52 --- Titaniferous metagabbro, Norway |
| Amphiboles - hornblende | --- #65 --- Odegaardite, metagabbro from Norway |
| Amphiboles - holmquistite (note) | --- #257 --- Spodumene, pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Amphiboles - nephrite jade | --- #70 --- Nephrite jade from northern British Columbia |
| Amphiboles - hornblende in metagabbro | --- #149 --- Grenville metagabbro from Cordova (gold) Mines, Ontario |
| Amphiboles - fluororichterite | --- #166 --- Unusual amphibole from the Grenville province, Ontario |
| Amphiboles -tremolite | --- #215 --- Manganoan tremolite ("hexagonite") from Balmat, New York |
| Amphiboles - riebeckite | --- #241 --- Trachyte lava, Tigrai, Ethiopia |
| Amygdales (amygdules) | --- #274 ---
Zeolites in basalts of Iceland and beyond |
| Analcime (zeolite) | --- #243 ---
Crinanite from the Isle of Arran, western Scotland |
| Andalusite | --- #128 --- Chiastolite-muscovite schist pebble, Newfoundland |
| Andesite | --- #147 --- Andesite lava from Poas volcano, at Bosque de Paz, Costa Rica |
| Andesite | --- #62 --- Mineralized andesite, Guanajuato, Mexico |
| Andesite | --- #235 --- Volcanic rocks of the Pico de Orizaba, Mexico |
| Andesite | --- #236 ---
Porphyritic andesites, La Malinche volcano, Mexico |
| Andesite | --- #237 ---
Glassy andesite ("pitchstone"), Popocatepetl volcano, Mexico |
| Andesite | --- ---- --- See "volcanics" |
| Andradite - Ca Fe garnet | --- #234 --- Garnet skarn, Rossland, British Columbia |
| Anglesite - Pb | --- #287 --- Anglesite and galena, Joplin, Missouri, U.S.A. |
| Ankylosaurs |
--- #248 ---
Crichtonsaurus, ankylosaur, China (MM09) |
| Anorthosites | --- #50 --- Calcic anorthosite, northern Ontario |
| Anorthosites | --- #191 --- Keweenawan Mellen gabbro / gabbroic anorthosite, northern Wisconsin, U.S.A. |
| Anorthosites (note) | --- #286 --- Pt-Pd ore, Stillwater complex, Montana, U.S.A. |
| Anthraxolite | --- #64 --- Anthraxolite hydrocarbon, Sudbury, Ontario |
| Anthraxolite (notes) - C | --- #292 --- Gold in quartz pebble conglomerates, Witwatersrand, South Africa |
| Anthropogenic - slag - Sudbury, ON | --- #3 ---- Meteorite recognition - slags |
| Anthropogenic - slag - Sudbury, ON | --- #192 --- Nickel smelter slag, Sudbury, Ontario |
| Anthropogenic - slag - southern Ontario | --- #27 --- Copper-rich slag, Belleville, Ontario |
| Anthropogenic - slag - Durango, CO | --- #176 --- Slag from the Durango mining district, Colorado, U.S.A. |
| Antimonides - Ni Sb | --- #184--- Breithauptite, nickel antimonide, from Cobalt, Ontario |
| Antimonides - Pt Sb | --- #15 --- Cabriite (a palladium mineral) from Noril'sk, Russia |
| Apatite - Ca P | --- #1 ---- Apatite & orange calcite from Renfrew County, Grenville province, Ontario |
| Apatite - Ca P | --- #2 ---- Apatite & biotite from the Bancroft area, Grenville province, Ontario |
| Apatite - Ca P | --- #107 --- Apatite and phlogopite, Palabora, South Africa |
| Aplite | --- #202 --- Tourmaline and lepidolite in aplite from southern California, U.S.A. |
| Apophyllite | --- #134 --- Apophyllite from northern San Luis Potosi, Mexico (MM01) |
| Apophyllite | --- #142 --- Zeolites and apophyllite from Pune (Poona), Maharashtra, India |
| Appinite | --- #32 --- Appinite, Strontian area, Scotland |
| Appinite (context) | --- #239 --- Kentallenite, a dark monzonite from western Scotland |
| Archaeology - chert - stone tools | --- #24 --- Chert provenance (Pennsylvania, U.S.A.) |
| Archaeology - chert (flint) | --- #34 --- Flint walls, Essex, England |
| Archaeology - chert (flint) - stone tools | --- #79 --- Fractured flint from Essex, England |
| Archaeology - mapping in support of | --- #114 --- Peperite identified in outcrop in Tigrai, Ethiopia |
| Archaeology - native copper - Cu | --- #106 --- Native copper and datolite, northern Michigan, U.S.A |
| Archaeology - native copper - Cu | --- #143 --- Native "float copper" from Houghton county, Michigan, U.S.A. (MM05) |
| Archaeology - goldsmithing - Au | --- #223 --- Early Irish goldsmithing tools |
| Archaeology - iron - Fe | --- #151 --- Gebel Kamil nickel-rich iron meteorite, Egypt |
| Archaeology - jade | --- #207 --- Massive jade as decorative piece, from China |
| Archaeology - jadeitite - stone tools | --- #224 --- Irish stone tools made from Italian jadeitite |
| Archaeology - lunulae - Au | --- #223 --- Early Irish goldsmithing - jewellery |
| Archaeology - obsidian | --- #259 ---
Obsidian from southern Iceland |
| Archaeology - provenance tale (stone) | --- #160 --- Dolerite, Preseli Hills, Dyfed, Wales (link to Stonehenge) |
| Archaeology - Qingtian stone | --- #203 --- Qingtian stone, superb lapidary material from China |
| Archaeology - tin - cassiterite - Sn | --- #209 --- Rich cassiterite tin ore, Cornwall, England |
| Arfvedsonite (amphibole) | --- #138 --- Eudialyte syenite from Kipawa, Quebec (MM02) |
| Arsenates - Co As | --- #133 --- Erythrite from Bou Azzer, Morocco |
| Arsenates - Pb As | --- #132 --- Mimetite, cerussite, sphaerocobaltite, Morocco |
| Arsenates - Pb As | --- #195 --- Smithsonite from Tsumeb, Namibia |
| Arsenic - As | --- #268 --- Native arsenic in Sarawak |
| Arsenides - Co Ni As | --- #40 --- Cobalt-nickel arsenide ore, Cobalt district, Ontario |
| Arsenides - Pt As | --- #81 --- Sperrylite, Sudbury, Ontario |
| Arsenides - Pt As | --- #81b -- Sperrylite, Sudbury, Ontario (.pdf, 138 kb) |
| Arsenopyrite - Fe As | --- #153 --- Gold skarn with arsenopyrite, Osoyoos, southern Okanagan, British Columbia |
| Arsenopyrite - Fe As | --- #8 ---- Berthierite, Iron-antimony sulphide from Borneo |
| Arsenopyrite - Fe As | --- #152 --- Quartz-wolframite vein with arsenopyrite, Cligga Head, Cornwall, England |
| Arsenopyrite (notes) - Fe As | --- #268 --- Native arsenic in Sarawak |
| Astronomite | --- #263 --- Stripey, spotted siltstone, East Kimberleys, W.Australia |
| Atlantisite (discussion only) | --- #250 --- Stichtite, Mg Cr carbonate, from Tasmania, Australia |
| Australites (tektites) | --- #55 --- Tektites from China |
| Australites (tektites) | --- #156 --- Historic "soccer ball" tektite from the Philippines |
| Azurite - Cu | --- #87 --- Azurite from Spain |
| Banded iron formation - BIF | --- #88 --- Banded iron formation, Western Australia |
| Banded iron formation - BIF | --- #98 --- Banded iron formation, south India |
| Banded iron formation - BIF | -- #291 --- Banded iron formation, Soudan mine, Minnesota, USA |
| Barbertonite (discussion only) | --- #250 --- Stichtite, Mg Cr carbonate, from Tasmania, Australia |
| Barite - Ba S | --- #228 --- Barite on quartz, Jiangxi, China |
| Basalt | --- ---- --- See "volcanics" |
| Bencubbinites | --- ---- --- See "meteorites - chondrites" |
| Berthierite - Fe Sb | --- #8 ---- Berthierite, Iron-antimony sulphide from Borneo |
| Beryl - Be | --- #186--- Prismatic beryl from China |
| Biography: Stewart Olof Agrell | --- #94 --- Agrellite and eudialyte, Kipawa, Quebec |
| Biography: Frank W. Beales | --- --- --- Carbonate sedimentology, MVT deposits |
| Biography - Frank W. Beales | --- #42 --- Pyrite from Nanisivik, Baffin Island, Nunavut (brief note on FWB) |
| Biography - Robert W. Boyle (slide show) | --- --- --- R.W. Boyle, brief biographic note and info on his last, unpublished work |
| Biography - Robert W. Boyle (note) | --- #200 --- Galena crystal habits, Viburnum Trend, Missouri and Keno Hill, Yukon |
| Biography - Ron Farquhar (note) | --- #200 --- Galena crystal habits, Viburnum Trend, Missouri and Keno Hill, Yukon |
| Biography: Eugen F. Stumpfl | --- --- --- Platinum deposits and their minerals |
| Biography: Eugen F. Stumpfl | --- #46 --- Graphite from the Bushveld of South Africa (brief note on EFS) |
| Bikolite (philippinite) tektite | --- #156 --- Historic "soccer ball" tektite from the Philippines, and others |
| Biotite mica | --- #281 --- Sodalite syenite, Bancroft, Ontario, Canada |
| Bivalves | --- ---- --- See "fossils" section |
| Bluestone | --- #160 --- Spotted dolerite, Preseli Hills, Dyfed, Wales |
| Borates - B (notes, list) | --- #262 --- Folded evaporite strata, New Brunswick |
| Borosilicates - B | --- #106 --- Native copper and datolite, northern Michigan, U.S.A |
| Borosilicates - B | --- #69 --- Dumortierite from Chile |
| Borosilicates - B | --- #120 --- Tourmalinite from Botallack, Cornwall, England |
| Borosilicates - B | --- #100 --- Pegmatitic granite, Tregonning-Godolphin stock, Cornwall, England |
| Borosilicates - B | --- #101 --- Tourmaline-rich granitic breccia, Wheal Remfry, Cornwall, England |
| Borosilicates - B - dravite | --- #78 --- Native gold, Hoyle Pond, Timmins, Ontario |
| Borosilicates - B - elbaite | --- #202 --- Tourmaline and lepidolite from southern California, U.S.A. |
| Borosilicates - B - schorl | --- #283 --- Tourmaline and garnet, Mount Mica pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Borosilicates B (skarns, discussion) | --- #251 --- Polymetallic Zn-Pb-Ag-Cu ore, Charcas, San Luis Potosi, Mexico |
| Bournonite - Cu Pb Sb | --- #96 --- Bournonite from Pulacayo, Bolivia |
| Brachinites | --- ---- --- See "meteorites - achondrites" |
| Breccias - chert in iron formation | --- #89 --- Brecciated chert, Western Australia |
| Breccias - hydrocarbon cemented by quartz | --- #64 --- Anthraxolite hydrocarbon, Sudbury, Ontario |
| Breccias - quartz vein | --- #279 ---
Quartz-carbonate-green mica breccia, Timmins, Ontario |
| Breccias - sandstone | --- #255 --- Brodick breccia, New Red Sandstone, Arran, Scotland |
| Breccias - volcanic breccias | --- #235 --- Volcanic rocks of the Pico de Orizaba, Mexico |
| Breccias - stony meteorite | --- #83 --- NWA 869 brecciated chondrite meteorite, Morocco |
| Breccias - stony meteorite | --- #216 --- Saricicek howardite (Vestan achondrite) meteorite |
| Breccias - stony-iron meteorite | --- #127 --- Seymchan pallasite / iron meteorite, Siberia |
| Breccias - impact | --- #213 --- Impact ejecta, breccias and ore, Thunder Bay and Sudbury, Ontario |
| Breccias - tourmaline breccia pipe | --- #101 --- Tourmaline-rich granitic breccia, Wheal Remfry, Cornwall, England |
| Breithauptite - Ni Sb | --- #184--- Breithauptite, nickel antimonide, from Cobalt, Ontario |
| Brezina lamellae (note) | --- #254 --- Saint-Aubin IIIAB iron meteorite, France |
| Brines - Li | --- #257 --- Spodumene, pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Brucite - Mg | --- #112 --- Brucite ophicalcite (marble) from Skye, Scotland |
| Bryozoans | --- ---- --- See "fossils" section |
| Bytownite feldspar | --- #50 --- Calcic anorthosite, northern Ontario |
| Cabriite - Cu Sn Pd | --- #15 --- Cabriite (a palladium mineral) from Noril'sk, Russia |
| Calaverite - Au Ag Te | --- #158 --- Gold-silver tellurides, Colorado, U.S.A., I |
| Calaverite - Au Ag Te | --- #161 --- Gold-silver tellurides, Colorado, U.S.A., II |
| Calcite | --- ---- --- See "carbonates" |
| Camerina | --- #226 --- Camerina, Eocene fossil nummulite foraminiferan, Java, Indonesia |
| Carbides - Ti C | --- #44 --- Silicides in fulgurite and ferrosilicon |
| Carbonado - C | --- #26 --- Diamond and carbonado, Siberia & Africa |
| Carbonates - Ca | --- #85 --- Calcite from Zacatecas, Mexico |
| Carbonates - Ca | --- #122 --- Calcite, Grenville province, Ontario |
| Carbonates - Ca | --- #1 ---- Apatite & orange calcite from Renfrew County, Grenville province, Ontario |
| Carbonates - Ca (pink calcite) | --- #126 --- Native silver in vein, Silver Islet, Thunder Bay area, Ontario |
| Carbonates - Ca | --- #198 --- Calcite in fluorescent zinc ore, New Jersey, U.S.A. |
| Carbonates - Ca (with amphibole) | --- #166 --- Unusual amphibole in calcite, Grenville province, Ontario |
| Carbonates - Ca | --- #274 ---
Zeolites in basalts of Iceland and beyond |
| Carbonates - Ca Mg Fe | --- #279 ---
Quartz-carbonate-green mica breccia, Timmins, Ontario |
| Carbonates - Co | --- #132 --- Mimetite, cerussite,sphaerocobaltite, Morocco |
| Carbonates - Cu | --- #87 --- Azurite from Spain |
| Carbonates - Cu | --- #267 --- Malachite, Democratic Republic of Congo |
| Carbonates - Zn | --- #195 --- Smithsonite from Tsumeb, Namibia |
| Carbonates - Pb | --- #132 --- Mimetite, cerussite, sphaerocobaltite, Morocco |
| Carbonates - Mn | --- #157 --- Manganese ores, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa |
| Carbonates - Mg Cr | --- #250 --- Stichtite, Mg Cr carbonate, from Tasmania, Australia |
| Carbonates - Ni | --- #232 --- Gaspeite, Ni carbonate, in calcite, from southeast Quebec |
| Carbonatite | --- #107 --- Apatite and phlogopite, Palabora, South Africa |
| Cassiterite - Sn | --- #209 --- Rich cassiterite tin ore, Cornwall, England |
| Celestine - Sr | --- #280 --- Native sulphur on celestine, Michigan, U.S.A. |
| Cephalopods | --- ---- --- See "fossils" section |
| Cerussite - Pb | --- #132 --- Mimetite, cerussite,sphaerocobaltite, Morocco |
| Chabazite | --- #142 --- Zeolites and apophyllite from Pune (Poona), Maharashtra, India |
| Chain silicates | --- ---- --- See "inosilicates" |
| Chalcedony | --- #269 --- Agate (locality unknown) |
| Chalcopyrite - Cu | --- #115 --- Chalcopyrite ore, McCreedy West mine, Sudbury, Ontario |
| Chalcopyrite - Cu | --- #213 --- Impact ejecta, and chalcopyrite ore, McCreedy West mine, Sudbury, Ontario |
| Chalcopyrite - Cu | --- #190 --- Sudbury copper-PGE ore, Broken Hammer deposit |
| Chalcopyrite - Cu | --- #171 --- Germanite in Cu Ge (Zn) ore, Tsumeb, Namibia |
| Chalcopyrite - Cu | --- #148 --- Silica-flooded sulphidic ore, Mineral de Pozos, Guanajuato, Mexico |
| Chalcopyrite - Cu | --- #240 ---- Chalcopyrite in Cu Ni Co ore, Nova mine, W.Australia |
| Chalk (in the European Cretaceous) | --- #187 --- Thalassinoides, burrow, trace
fossil from lower Chalk of Norfolk, England |
| Chalk | --- ---- --- See also "flint" |
| Chant Trace of 1913 (note) | --- #284 --- Aletai iron meteorite / low-angle meteoroid entry |
| Charnockite | --- #68 --- Sulphidic charnockite, Kodaikanal, south India |
| Charnockite | --- #9 ---- Charnockite, a deep and meaningful granitoid rock, Baffin Island, Nunavut |
| Chemical sediments | --- ---- --- See, e.g., "chert", "banded iron formation" |
| Chert - Si | --- ---- --- See also "tectosilicates - silica" for other forms |
| Chert - Si | --- #16 --- Chert & chalcedony (Pennsylvania, U.S.A.) |
| Chert - Si | --- #23 --- Chert & microfossils (Pennsylvania, U.S.A.) |
| Chert - Si | --- #24 --- Chert provenance (Pennsylvania, U.S.A.) |
| Chert - Si | --- #76 --- Chert from the Crowe valley, S.E. Ontario |
| Chert - Si | --- #232 --- Chert and fossils in Ordovician limestone, Crowe valley, S.E. Ontario |
| Chert (flint) - Si | --- #34 --- Flint walls, Essex, England |
| Chert (flint) - Si | --- #79 --- Fractured flint from Essex, England |
| Chert (iron formation) - Si | --- #89 --- Brecciated chert, Western Australia |
| Chert in limestones - Si | --- #256 --- Ordovician-age cherty limestone, Skye, Scotland |
| Chiastolite (andalusite) | --- #128 --- Chiastolite-muscovite schist pebble, Newfoundland |
| China - samples & sites index |
--- #248 ---
Crichtonsaurus, ankylosaur, China |
| Chondrites and chondrules | --- ---- --- See also "meteorites" (many examples) |
| Chondrules in meteorites | --- #49 --- Moorabie L3.8 chondrite, a meteorite from N.S.W., Australia |
| Chondrules - armoured chondrules | --- #282 --- Aba Panu L3.6 chondrite, a 2018 fall in Nigeria |
| Chromates - Pb Cr | --- #109 --- Crocoite from Tasmania, Australia |
| Chrome diopside - Cr | --- #125 --- Chrome diopside, Russia |
| Chrome diopside - Cr | --- #197 --- Chrome diopside in lodranite meteorite NWA 11129, Morocco |
| Chromite (Cr spinel) - Cr | --- #60 --- UG-2 chromitite, Bushveld complex, South Africa |
| Chromite - Cr | --- #220 --- South African chromites (Bushveld UG-2 chromitite, II) |
| Chromite - Cr | --- #205 --- Chromitite, Luobusa ophiolite, southern Tibet |
| Chromite (discussion only) - Cr | --- #31 --- Allivalite, Rhum, Scotland |
| Chromite (discussion only) - Cr | --- #210 --- Serpentinized mantle peridotite, Gros Morne, western Newfoundland (MM06) |
| Chromite (beach sand) | --- #285 --- Sand from southwest Oregon, U.S.A. |
| Chromite (discussion only) - Cr | --- #250 --- Stichtite, Mg Cr carbonate, from Tasmania, Australia |
| Chromite (discussion only) - Cr | --- #286 --- Pt-Pd ore, Stillwater complex, Montana, U.S.A. |
| Chromite in meteorites - Cr | --- #154 --- Chromite as accessory in L4 chondrite (NWA 12807) |
| Chromite in meteorites - Cr (notes) | --- #254 --- Saint-Aubin IIIAB iron meteorite, France |
| Chromite in meteorites - Cr | --- #284 --- Aletai IIIE-ANOM iron meteorite, China |
| Chromium minerals - Cr | --- ---- --- See "chromite", also "chrome diopside", "crocoite", "fuchsite", "stichtite" & "uvarovite" |
| Chrysanthemum stone | --- #178 --- Glomeroporphyritic amphibolitic diorite porphyry from China |
| Chrysocolla - Cu | --- #45 --- Chrysocolla from Wyoming, U.S.A. |
| Chrysocolla - Cu (note) | --- #267 --- Malachite, Democratic Republic of Congo |
| Cinnabar - Hg | --- #4 ---- Cinnabar, mercury ore from Almaden, Spain |
| Citrine - Si | --- #206 --- Quartz as semi-precious stone: nine faceted examples |
| Clathrates (brief discussion) | --- #278 --- Ice revisited - Iceland |
| Clay minerals | --- #203 --- Qingtian stone, superb lapidary material from China |
| Cleavelandite (notes) | --- #283 --- Cleavelandite (albite), Mount Mica pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Climate records | --- #278 --- Ice revisited - Iceland |
| Cloudy feldspar | --- #150 --- Coronitic Grenville metagabbro, Muskoka district, Ontario |
| Cloudy feldspar | --- #244 ---
"Old Gabbro" of Ardnamurchan, Scotland |
| Colorado - samples & sites index | --- #175 --- "Zebra rock", a lead-zinc-silver ore from Colorado, U.S.A. |
| Commodities | --- ---- --- See "ores" for some examples |
| Concretions - weathered out | --- #74 --- Siltstone cobble, Slate Islands, N.W. Ontario |
| Concretions - unusual sandstone | --- #84 --- Concretion, northwest Ontario |
| Concretions - pyrite in shale | --- #172 --- Pyrite sun (concretion), Illinois, U.S.A. |
| Conglomerate | --- #72 --- Palaeobeach with igneous pebbles, Cuba |
| Conglomerate | --- #272 --- Cambrian basal conglomerate from Liathach, Scotland |
| Conglomerate | --- #292 --- Gold in quartz pebble conglomerates, Witwatersrand, South Africa |
| Copper - Cu | --- #143 --- Native "float copper" from Houghton county, Michigan, U.S.A. (MM05) |
| Copper - Cu | --- #106 --- Native copper and datolite, northern Michigan, U.S.A |
| Coquina - limestone | --- #208 --- Shelly Ordovician limestone, Campbellford, southeast Ontario |
| Cordierite | --- #43 --- Khondalite from Kerala, south India |
| Corona structure | --- #150 --- Coronitic Grenville metagabbro, Muskoka district, Ontario |
| Coronite | --- #150 --- Coronitic Grenville metagabbro, Muskoka district, Ontario |
| Corundum | --- ---- --- See "oxides - Al" |
| Covellite - Cu | --- #171 --- Trace secondary mineral in Cu Ge ore, Tsumeb, Namibia |
| Craignurite | --- #245 ---
Craignurite, Isle of Mull, Scotland |
| Crinanite | --- #243 ---
Analcime olivine diabase from the Isle of Arran, western Scotland |
| Crinoids | --- ---- --- See "fossils" section |
| Crocoite - Pb Cr | --- #109 --- Crocoite from Tasmania, Australia |
| Crustal abundances of the elements (brief note) | --- #121 --- Putorana metal-rich basalt / pseudometeorite, Siberia |
| Crystal habit - example of galena | --- #214 --- Galena crystal habits, Huanzala, Peru & Madan, Bulgaria |
| Crystal habit - skeletal habit | --- #176 --- Slag from the Durango mining district, Colorado, U.S.A. |
| Crystal size - spodumene | --- #257 --- Spodumene, pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Cumulates | --- #31 --- Allivalite, Rhum, Scotland |
| Cumulates (note) | --- #286 --- Pt-Pd ore, Stillwater complex, Montana, U.S.A. |
| Cyclosilicates - B | --- #120 --- Tourmalinite from Botallack, Cornwall, England |
| Cyclosilicates - B | --- #100 --- Pegmatitic granite from Cornwall, England |
| Cyclosilicates - B | --- #101 --- Tourmaline-rich granitic breccia from Cornwall, England |
| Cyclosilicates - B | --- #202 --- Tourmaline and lepidolite from southern California, U.S.A. |
| Cyclosilicates - cordierite | --- #43 --- Khondalite from Kerala, south India |
| Cyclosilicates - B | --- #69 --- Dumortierite from Chile |
| Cyclosilicates - Zr | --- #138 --- Eudialyte syenite from Kipawa, Quebec (MM02) |
| Cyclosilicates - Be | --- #186--- Prismatic beryl from China |
| Cylindrite - Pb Sn Sb | --- #33 --- Cylindrite from Bolivia |
| Datolite - B | --- #106 --- Native copper and datolite, northern Michigan, U.S.A |
| Devitrification of glass | --- #245 ---
Craignurite, Isle of Mull, Scotland |
| Diabase and eucrite meteorite | --- #17-18 Double take: igneous rocks from Earth & space |
| Diabase (intrusive equivalent of basalt) | --- #126 --- Native silver in vein, Silver Islet, Thunder Bay area, Ontario |
| Diabase | --- #243 ---
Crinanite from the Isle of Arran, western Scotland |
| Diabase | --- ---- --- See also "dolerite" |
| Diamond - C | --- #25 --- Diamonds from Africa |
| Diamond - C | --- #26 --- Diamond and carbonado, Siberia & Africa |
| Diamond, chromitite host - C | --- #205 --- Chromitite, Luobusa ophiolite, Tibet (no illustration) |
| Dickite | --- #203 --- Qingtian stone, superb lapidary material from China |
| Dimension stone | --- #169 --- Leucogranite textures and mineralogy |
| Dimension stone | --- #179 --- Textures in a rapakivi granite from Beijing, China |
| Dimension stone | --- #211 --- Tyndall stone, trace fossils, Ordovician limestone, Manitoba |
| Dinosaurs |
--- #248 ---
Crichtonsaurus, ankylosaur, China (MM09) |
| Dinosaurs | --- #289 --- Dinosaur footprints, Isle of Wight, Hampshire, U.K. |
| Diopside | --- ---- --- See "chrome diopside" or "inosilicates" |
| Diorite | --- #32 --- Appinite, Strontian area, Scotland |
| Diorite | --- #239 --- Kentallenite, a dark monzonite / diorite from western Scotland |
| Diorite | --- #39 --- A Young plutonic rock from Borneo |
| Diorite | --- #178 --- Glomeroporphyritic amphibolitic diorite porphyry from China |
| Diorite xenoliths in andesite | --- #236 ---
Porphyritic andesites, La Malinche volcano, Mexico |
| Dolerite (a British usage) | --- ---- --- See also "diabase" |
| Dolerite | --- #160 --- Spotted dolerite and volcanic tuff, Dyfed, Wales |
| Dolerite | --- #243 ---
Crinanite from the Isle of Arran, western Scotland |
| Dolerite | --- #270 --- Tranquillityite in dolerite (diabase), W.Australia |
| Dolostone - tempestite | --- #219 --- Tempestite - Jixian dolostone, Tianjin, China |
| Dravite - B | --- #78 --- Native gold, Hoyle Pond, Timmins, Ontario |
| Dumortierite - B | --- #69 --- Dumortierite from Chile |
| Dunite | --- #155 --- Dunitic mantle xenolith from Mount Leura, western Victoria, Australia |
| Echinoderms | --- ---- --- See "fossils" section |
| Echinoids | --- ---- --- See "fossils" section |
| Eclogite | --- #273 --- Eclogite, Glenelg, Scotland |
| Ediacaran (stratigraphic term) | --- #263 --- Stripey, spotted siltstone, East Kimberleys, W.Australia |
| Elbaite - B | --- #202 --- Tourmaline and lepidolite from southern California, U.S.A. |
| Emerald (not shown) and other beryls | --- #186--- Prismatic beryl from China |
| Epidote | --- #50 --- Calcic anorthosite, northern Ontario |
| Epidote (beach sand) | --- #285 --- Sand from southwest Oregon, U.S.A. |
| Erratics - metagabbro | --- #13 --- Gabbro boulder, southern Ontario |
| Erratics - the omar story | --- #74 --- Siltstone cobble, Slate Islands, N.W. Ontario |
| Erratics - marble | --- #249 --- Bleasdell Boulder ("Big Rock"), marble erratic, S.E. Ontario |
| Erratics - notes | --- #249 --- Boulder tracing in Scotland, England, Wales and Ireland (discussion) |
| Erythrite - Co As | --- #133 --- Erythrite from Bou Azzer, Morocco |
| Eucrite (meteorite) | --- #17-18 Double take: igneous rocks from Earth & space (Millbillillie eucrite) |
| Eucrite (calcic gabbro: obsolete, no illustration) | --- #244 ---
"Old Gabbro" of Ardnamurchan, Scotland |
| Eudialyte - Zr | --- #138 --- Eudialyte syenite from Kipawa, Quebec (MM02) |
| Eudialyte - Zr | --- #94 --- Agrellite and eudialyte, Kipawa, Quebec |
| Evaporites | --- #262 --- Folded evaporite strata, New Brunswick |
| Exhalites | --- ---- --- See "chemical sediments", e.g., "banded iron formation" |
| Feldspars | --- ---- --- See "tectosilicates - feldspars", "anorthosites", etc |
|
|
| Feldspathoids | --- #281 --- Sodalite syenite, Bancroft, Ontario, Canada |
| Felsite (field term) | --- #242 ---
Pitchstone from the Isle of Arran, western Scotland |
| Ferrosilicon - Fe Si | --- #44 --- Silicides in fulgurite and ferrosilicon |
| Flint - Si | --- ---- --- See "chert" for examples |
| Flint - terminology | --- #16 --- Chert & chalcedony (Pennsylvania, U.S.A.) |
| Flow texture (directive fabric) | --- #241 --- Trachytic feldspars in trachyte, Tigrai, Ethiopia |
| Fluid inclusions (note) | --- #278 --- Ice revisited - Iceland |
| Fluorescence - agrellite | --- #94 --- Agrellite and eudialyte, Kipawa, Quebec |
| Fluorescence - scapolite | --- #90 --- Scapolite from Quebec |
| Fluorescence - spodumene (note) | --- #257 --- Spodumene, pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Fluorescence - willemite and calcite | --- #198 --- Zn silicate in fluorescent zinc ore, New Jersey, U.S.A. |
| Fluorite - Ca F | --- #140 --- Blue John fluorite, Derbyshire, England (MM03) |
| Fluororichterite | --- #166 --- Unusual amphibole from the Grenville province, Ontario |
| Fold styles (notes) | --- #262 --- Folded evaporite strata, New Brunswick |
| Foraminifera ("forams") | --- ---- --- See "fossils" section |
| Fossils - arthropoda - trilobites | --- #185 --- The trilobite Phacops from the Devonian of Morocco |
| Fossils - bryozoans | --- #11 --- Fossil bryozoan from southern Ontario |
| Fossils - bryozoans | --- #232 --- Branching bryozoans in Ordovician limestone, Crowe valley, S.E. Ontario |
| Fossils - echinoderms - crinoids | --- #181 --- Traumatocrinus from the Triassic of Guizhou, China |
| Fossils - echinoderms - crinoids | --- #168 --- Pelagic crinoid of the lithographic stone of Solnhofen, Germany |
| Fossils - echinoderms - crinoids | --- #208 --- Shelly Ordovician limestone, Campbellford, southeast Ontario |
| Fossils - echinoderms - echinoids | --- #218 --- Echinoids from the Eocene Ocala limestone, Florida, U.S.A. |
| Fossils - echinoderms - ophiuroids | --- #168 --- Echinodermata and the lithographic stone of Solnhofen, Germany |
| Fossils - foraminifera | --- #226 --- Camerina, Eocene fossil nummulite foraminiferan, Java, Indonesia |
| Fossils - hydrozoa - corals | --- #232 --- Coral in Ordovician limestone, Crowe valley, S.E. Ontario |
| Fossils - hydrozoa - graptolites | --- #111 --- Graptolite fossils from Dyfed, Wales |
| Fossils - hydrozoa - stromatoporoids | --- #232 --- Stromatoporoids in Ordovician limestone, Crowe valley, S.E. Ontario |
| Fossils - mollusca - bivalves | --- #141 --- Bivalve fossils from Iceland |
| Fossils - mollusca - bivalves | --- #183 --- The bivalve Glycimeris in the Pliocene Red Crag of Essex, England |
| Fossils - mollusca - cephalopods | --- #139 --- Fossil "surprise" cephalopods from Nepal |
| Fossils - mollusca - cephalopods | --- #163 --- Mesozoic ammonite fossil, Madagascar |
| Fossils - mollusca - cephalopods | --- #232 --- Orthocones in Ordovician limestone, Crowe valley, S.E. Ontario |
| Fossils - mollusca - cephalopods (notes only) | --- #266 --- Millstone Grit from Derbyshire, England |
| Fossils - mollusca - gastropods | --- #189 --- Gastropods old and new |
| Fossils - plants (note & modern analogy) |
--- #248 ---
Crichtonsaurus, ankylosaur, China (MM09) |
| Fossils - sponges (?) | --- #256 --- Ordovician-age cherty limestone, Skye, Scotland |
| Fossils - thanatocoenosis | --- #208 --- Shelly Ordovician limestone, Campbellford, southeast Ontario |
| Fossils - trace fossils | --- #187 --- Thalassinoides, burrow, trace fossil from lower Chalk of Norfolk, England |
| Fossils - trace fossils | --- #211 --- Tyndall stone, trace fossils, Ordovician limestone, Manitoba |
| Fossils - vertebrate | --- #229 --- Keichousaurus, Triassic fossil reptile, China (MM07) |
| Fossils - vertebrate | --- #201 --- Mesosaurus, fossil reptile and mascot for Gondwanaland |
| Fossils - vertebrate | ---
#247 ---
Glanochthon, Permian amphibian, Germany (MM08) |
| Fossils - vertebrate |
--- #248 ---
Crichtonsaurus, ankylosaur, China (MM09) |
| Fossils - vertebrate | --- #289 --- Dinosaur footprints, Isle of Wight, Hampshire, U.K. |
| Framework silicates | --- ---- --- See "tectosilicates" |
| Franklinite - Zn Fe Mn | --- #198 --- Franklinite in fluorescent zinc ore, New Jersey, U.S.A. |
| Fuchsite - Cr green mica | --- #35 --- Green mica in gold ore, Western Australia |
| Fuchsite - Cr green mica | --- #279 ---
Quartz-carbonate-green mica breccia, Timmins, Ontario |
| Fulgurites | --- #37 --- Fulgurite from Ontario |
| Fulgurites | --- #44 --- Silicides in fulgurite and ferrosilicon |
| Fulgurites | --- #123 --- Fulgurite, Grant county, Nebraska, U.S.A. |
| Fulgurites | --- #124 --- Fulgurite, Florence, Arizona, U.S.A. |
| Fulgurites | --- #124 --- Fulgurite, Oswego, New York, U.S.A. |
| Gabbro | --- --- --- see also "metagabbro", "troctolite" |
| Gabbro | --- #191 --- Keweenawan Mellen gabbro / gabbroic anorthosite, northern Wisconsin, U.S.A. |
| Gabbro | --- #244 ---
"Old Gabbro" of Ardnamurchan, Scotland |
| Gabbronorite | --- #240 ---- Mineralized rocks at the Nova mine, W.Australia |
| Gabbronorite | --- #286 --- Pt-Pd ore, Stillwater complex, Montana, U.S.A. |
| Galena - Pb | --- #48 --- Zinc-lead vein from the Grenville province of S.E. Ontario |
| Galena - Pb | --- #148 --- Silica-flooded sulphidic ore, Mineral de Pozos, Guanajuato, Mexico |
| Galena - Pb (with tellurides) | --- #67 --- Rucklidgeite, rare telluride, N.E. Ontario |
| Galena - Pb (with PGM) | --- #15 --- Cabriite (a palladium mineral) from Noril'sk, Russia |
| Galena - Pb (Ag) | --- #175 --- "Zebra rock", a lead-zinc-silver ore from Colorado, U.S.A. |
| Galena - Pb | --- #196 --- Unusual galena habit from Madan, Bulgaria |
| Galena - Pb | --- #200 --- Galena crystal habits, Viburnum Trend, Missouri and Keno Hill, Yukon |
| Galena - Pb | --- #214 --- Galena crystal habits, Huanzala, Peru & Madan, Bulgaria |
| Galena - Zn Pb Ag Cu | --- #251 --- Polymetallic Zn-Pb-Ag-Cu ore, Charcas, San Luis Potosi, Mexico |
| Galena - Pb | --- #287 --- Anglesite and galena, Joplin, Missouri, U.S.A. |
| Gallite - Ga | --- #171 --- Germanite in Cu Ge ore, Tsumeb, Namibia |
| Gallium - Ga | --- #171 --- Germanite in Cu Ge ore, Tsumeb, Namibia |
| Gallium - Ga (notes) | --- #268 --- Native arsenic in Sarawak |
| Garnet - metasediments | --- #43 --- Khondalite from Kerala, south India |
| Garnet - reaction rims | --- #150 --- Coronitic Grenville metagabbro, Muskoka district, Ontario |
| Garnet - leucogranite | --- #169 --- Leucogranite textures and mineralogy |
| Garnet - leucogranite - Mn Al Fe | --- #230 --- Garnet in pegmatitic leucogranite, Quetico subprovince, northwest Ontario |
| Garnet - granite pegmatite | --- #283 --- Tourmaline and garnet, Mount Mica pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Garnet - skarn | --- #234 --- Garnet skarn, Rossland, British Columbia |
| Garnet - kimberlite | --- #222 --- Diamond indicator minerals, kimberlite |
| Garnet (beach sand) | --- #285 --- Sand from southwest Oregon, U.S.A. |
| Gaspeite - Ni | --- #232 --- Gaspeite, Ni carbonate from southeast Quebec |
| Gastropods | --- ---- --- See "fossils" section |
| Gel (silica) | --- #269 --- Agate (locality unknown) |
| Gemstones | --- ---- --- See also individual species of "semi-precious stones", "jade", etc |
| Gemstones | --- #269 --- Agate (locality unknown) |
| Gemstones - beryl (emerald) | --- #186--- Prismatic beryl from China |
| Gemstones - corundum (ruby, sapphire) | --- #14 --- Corundum (ruby & sapphire) from India |
| Gemstones - diamond | --- #25 --- Diamonds from Africa |
| Gemstones - jade | --- #207 --- Massive jade as decorative piece, from China |
| Gemstones - obsidian | --- #259 ---
Obsidian from southern Iceland |
| Gemstones - opal | --- #6 ---- Opal in Volcanic rock from Honduras |
| Gemstones - tourmaline | --- #202 --- Tourmaline and lepidolite from southern California, U.S.A. |
| Geochronology, dating rock samples | --- #212 --- Oldest rock known on Earth, Northwest Territories, Canada |
| Geographic index | --- ---- --- N/A. But see China, Colorado, Scotland |
| Geographic signposts (not an index yet) | --- ---- --- See Grenville province |
| Geological time scale | --- #212 --- Geochronology, oldest rocks, Earth history |
| Geomorphology - ventifacts | --- #265 --- Ventifacts from southeast Iceland |
| Germanium minerals - Ge | --- #171 --- Germanite in Cu Ge ore, Tsumeb, Namibia |
| Geversite - Pt Sb | --- #15 --- Cabriite (a palladium mineral) from Noril'sk, Russia |
| Glacial erratics | --- ---- --- See "erratics" |
| Glass (various) | --- ---- --- See also "tektites", "volcanics", "slags", chondrules in meteorites, etc |
| Glass in slag | --- #176 --- Slag from the Durango mining district, Colorado, U.S.A. |
| Glass in andesite | --- #235 --- Volcanic rocks of the Pico de Orizaba, Mexico |
| Glass in andesite | --- #236 ---
Porphyritic andesites, La Malinche volcano, Mexico |
| Glass in andesite (pitchstone) | --- #237 ---
Glassy andesite ("pitchstone"), Popocatepetl volcano, Mexico |
| Glass in komatiite | --- #264 --- Komatiite, Abitibi greenstone belt, Ontario |
| Glass, devitrification | --- #245 ---
Craignurite, Isle of Mull, Scotland |
| Glauconite (discussion only) | --- #174 --- Quartzite from Quandary Peak, Colorado, U.S.A. |
| Gley soil (note) | --- #263 --- Stripey, spotted siltstone, East Kimberleys, W.Australia |
| Glomerocryst | --- #160 --- Porphyry (volcanic tuff), ornamental stone, Dyfed, Wales |
| Glomerocryst | --- #178 --- Glomeroporphyritic metabasite (amphibolite) from China |
| Glomerocryst | --- #235 --- Volcanic rocks of the Pico de Orizaba, Mexico |
| Glomeroporhyritic texture | --- #178 --- Glomeroporphyritic metabasite (amphibolite) from China |
| Gneiss | --- #212 --- Acasta gneiss, Northwest Territories, Canada |
| Gold - Au | --- ---- --- See "native elements - Au", "tellurides", & "ores - Au" |
| Granitoids | --- #9 ---- Charnockite, a deep and meaningful granitoid rock, Baffin Island, Nunavut |
| Granitoids | --- #29 --- Shap granite, Lake District, England |
| Granitoids | --- #30 --- Ross of Mull granite, Scotland |
| Granitoids | --- #47 --- Granitic pegmatite from the Grenville province of S.E. Ontario |
| Granitoids | --- #54 --- Granite boulders of southeastern Wyoming, U.S.A. |
| Granitoids | --- #169 --- Leucogranite textures and mineralogy |
| Granitoids | --- #68 --- Sulphidic charnockite, Kodaikanal, south India |
| Granitoids | --- #92 --- Orbicular granite, coast of northern Chile |
| Granitoids | --- #100 --- Pegmatitic granite from Cornwall, England |
| Granitoids | --- #101 --- Tourmaline-rich granitic breccia from Cornwall, England |
| Granitoids | --- #102 --- Perthitic granite pegmatite, Grenville province, Ontario |
| Granitoids | --- #179 --- Textures in a rapakivi granite from Beijing, China |
| Granitoids | --- #230 --- Mica-rich pegmatitic leucogranite, Quetico subprovince, northwest Ontario |
| Granitoids - leucogranite | --- #257 --- Spodumene, pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Granophyre (note) | --- #261 --- Graphic granite, Havey pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Granulite facies metamorphism | --- #150 --- Coronitic Grenville metagabbro, Muskoka district, Ontario |
| Graphic granite | --- #169 --- Leucogranite textures and mineralogy |
| Graphic granite | --- #261 --- Graphic granite, Havey pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Graphite - C | --- #46 --- Graphite from the Bushveld of South Africa |
| Graphite - C | -- #276 --- Graphite in marble from southeast Ontario |
| Graphite - C (trace, in ore) | --- #61 --- Umangite: selenides from Moravia and Saskatchewan |
| Graptolites | --- ---- --- See "fossils" section |
| Green micas - Cr (fuchsite) | --- #35 --- Green mica in gold ore, Western Australia |
| Green micas - Cr (fuchsite) | --- #279 ---
Quartz-carbonate-green mica breccia, Timmins, Ontario |
| Green micas - V (roscoelite) | --- #95 --- Green micaceous gold ore, Hemlo, Ontario |
| Greenhouse gases | --- #278 --- Ice revisited - Iceland |
| Greisen | --- #152 --- Quartz-wolframite vein (tin-tungsten ore) in greisen, Cligga Head, Cornwall, England |
| Grenville province (ONT, QUE, NJ...) rocks | --- ---- --- See "granitoid", "marble", "metagabbro", "metasediments - marble", etc
|
| Grenville province (ONT, QUE, NJ...) minerals | --- ---- --- See "agrellite", "apatite", "arfvedsonite", "calcite", "corundum", "eudialyte", "fluororichterite", "franklinite", "galena", "magnetite", "scapolite", "sphalerite", "titanite", "tremolite", "willemite", etc
|
| Gritstone (coarse sandstone) | --- #266 --- Millstone Grit from Derbyshire, England |
| Grit (coarse sandstone) | --- #272 --- Torridonian grit from Liathach, Scotland |
| Grossular - Ca Al garnet | --- #234 --- Garnet skarn, Rossland, British Columbia |
| Gupeiite - Fe Si (no specific illustration) | --- #44 --- Silicides in fulgurite and ferrosilicon |
| Gypsum - Ca S | --- #165 --- Sand-infused gypsum "rose", Aransas Pass, Texas, U.S.A. |
| Gypsum - Ca S | --- #262 --- Folded evaporite strata, New Brunswick |
| Gypsum - Ca S | --- #288 --- Gypsum, Atacama desert, Chile |
| Hackmanite (sodalite) | --- #281 --- Sodalite syenite, Bancroft, Ontario, Canada |
| Halides - Ca F | --- #140 --- Blue John fluorite, Derbyshire, England (MM03) |
| Halides - Na Cl | --- #110 --- Sea salt (in essence, "synthetic halite") from Essex, England |
| Halleflinta | --- #53 --- Halleflinta from southwest Wales |
| Halogens - F Cl Br I | --- ---- --- See, e.g., "halite" and "fluorite" |
| Hapkeite - Fe Si (no specific illustration) | --- #44 --- Silicides in fulgurite and ferrosilicon |
| Harrisite (discussion) | --- #264 --- Komatiite, Abitibi greenstone belt, Ontario |
| Harzburgite | --- #205 --- Chromitite, Luobusa ophiolite, southern Tibet |
| Harzburgite | --- #217 --- Peridotite mantle xenoliths in basalt, North China craton, Hebei, China |
| Hausmannite - Mn | --- #157 --- Manganese ores, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa |
| Heavy mineral sand | --- ---- --- See also "indicator minerals" |
| Heavy mineral sand | --- #285 --- Sand from southwest Oregon, U.S.A. |
| Hematite | --- #164 --- Botryoidal hematite, iron oxide from Bou Azzer, Morocco |
| Hematite iron ore | -- #291 --- Banded iron formation, Soudan mine, Minnesota, USA |
| Hemimorphite - Zn | --- #195 --- Hemimorphite from Ojuela mine, Mapimi, Durango, Mexico |
| Heulandite (zeolite) | --- #274 ---
Zeolites in basalts of Iceland and beyond |
| Hexagonite (variety of amphibole) | --- #215 --- Manganoan tremolite ("hexagonite") from Balmat, New York |
| Hiddenite - spodumene var. (note) | --- #257 --- Spodumene, pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Howardites | --- ---- --- See "meteorites - achondrites" |
| Hydrocarbons - C | --- #64 --- Anthraxolite hydrocarbon, Sudbury, Ontario |
| Hydrocarbons - C | --- #292 --- Gold in quartz pebble conglomerates, Witwatersrand, South Africa |
| Hydronephelite (natrolite) | --- #281 --- Sodalite syenite, Bancroft, Ontario, Canada |
| Hydrothermal alteration (QAM) | --- #35 --- Green mica in gold ore, Western Australia |
| Hydrothermal alteration (QAM) | --- #279 ---
Quartz-carbonate-green mica breccia, Timmins, Ontario |
| Hydrothermal alteration (Cu-Au-Ag-PGE) | --- #45 --- Chrysocolla from Wyoming, U.S.A. |
| Hydrothermal alteration (silica) | --- #63 --- Jasperoid, Jerritt Canyon, Nevada, U.S.A. |
| Hydrothermal alteration (argillic) | --- #203 --- Qingtian stone, superb lapidary material from China |
| Hydroxides - Mg | --- #112 --- Brucite ophicalcite (marble) from Skye, Scotland |
| Ice | --- #38 --- Ice - a mineral! |
| Ice | --- #278 --- Ice revisited - Iceland |
| Igneous rocks | --- ---- --- See, e.g., "volcanics" section, "anorthosite", "appinite", "cumulate", "diabase", "diorite", "dunite", "gabbro", "granitoid", "harzburgite", "lamprophyre", "pegmatite", "troctolite", "ultramafic rock", etc ... |
| Illite | --- #203 --- Qingtian stone, superb lapidary material from China |
| Ilmenite - Fe Ti Mg | --- #222 --- Diamond indicator minerals, kimberlite |
| Ilmenite - Fe Ti | --- #150 --- Coronitic Grenville metagabbro, Muskoka district, Ontario |
| Ilmenite - Fe Ti | --- #285 --- Sand from southwest Oregon, U.S.A. |
| Impact events | --- #75 --- Shatter cone, Slate Islands, N.W. Ontario |
| Impact events | --- #159 --- Lapilli tuff / cherty sediment of Sudbury impact event, central Ontario |
| Impact events | --- #213 --- Impact ejecta, breccias and ore, Thunder Bay and Sudbury, Ontario |
| Impact events - tektites | --- ---- --- See "tektites" |
| Impact events - meteorites | --- #146 --- Chelyabinsk LL5 brecciated ordinary chondrite meteorite, Russia |
| Impact events - meteorites | --- #154 --- Classification of an NWA (Northwest Africa) "black chondrite" meteorite (NWA 12807) |
| Indicator minerals | --- #222 --- Diamond indicator minerals, kimberlite |
| Inosilicates - agrellite | --- #94 --- Agrellite and eudialyte, Kipawa, Quebec |
| Inosilicates - amphiboles | --- #147 --- Andesite lava from Poas volcano, at Bosque de Paz, Costa Rica |
| Inosilicates - amphiboles | --- #235 --- - Basaltic hornblende in andesite, Pico de Orizaba, Mexico |
| Inosilicates - amphiboles - arfvedsonite | --- #138 --- Eudialyte syenite from Kipawa, Quebec (MM02) |
| Inosilicates - amphiboles | --- #70 --- Nephrite jade from northern British Columbia |
| Inosilicates - amphiboles | --- #166 --- Unusual amphibole from the Grenville province, Ontario |
| Inosilicates - amphiboles | --- #215 --- Manganoan tremolite ("hexagonite") from Balmat, New York |
| Inosilicates - pyroxenes | --- #125 --- Chrome diopside, Russia |
| Inosilicates - pyroxenes | --- #197 --- Chrome diopside in lodranite meteorite NWA 11129, Morocco |
| Inosilicates - pyroxenes | --- #217 --- Clinopyroxene megacrysts in xenolithic basalt, North China craton, Hebei, China |
| Inosilicates - pyroxenes | --- #224 --- Irish stone tools made from Italian jadeitite |
| Inosilicates - spodumene - Li | --- #257 --- Spodumene, pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Inosilicates - clinopyroxene in eclogite | --- #273 --- Eclogite, Glenelg, Scotland |
| Inosilicates - pyroxenoids | --- #22 --- Pyroxmangite (`rhodonite') from Colorado, U.S.A. |
| Intermetallics - Cu Sn Pd | --- #15 --- Cabriite (a palladium mineral) from Noril'sk, Russia |
| Iron - Fe | --- #121 --- Putorana metal-rich basalt / pseudometeorite, Siberia |
| Iron - Fe | --- #221 --- Native iron from Russia, II |
| Iron - Fe | --- ---- --- In the context of meteorites, see also "kamacite", "taenite", "tetrataenite" |
| Iron formation - BIF | --- #88 --- Banded iron formation, Western Australia |
| Iron formation - BIF | --- #98 --- Banded iron formation, south India |
| Iron formation - BIF | -- #291 --- Banded iron formation, Soudan mine, Minnesota, USA |
| Iron meteorites | --- ---- --- See "meteorites - irons" |
| iss (Cu-rich sulphide "matte") | --- ---- --- See "sulphides" |
| Jade | --- #70 --- Jade from northern British Columbia |
| Jade | --- #207 --- Massive jade as decorative piece, from China |
| Jadeitite | --- #224 --- Irish stone tools made from Italian jadeitite |
| Jasper (red flinty/cherty silica) | --- #88 --- Banded iron formation, Western Australia |
| Jasper (red silica) | -- #291 --- Banded iron formation, Soudan mine, Minnesota, USA |
| Jasper - terminology | --- #16 --- Chert & chalcedony (Pennsylvania, U.S.A.) |
| Jasperoid (hydrothermal silicification) | --- #63 --- Jasperoid, Jerritt Canyon, Nevada, U.S.A. |
| Kamacite - Ni Fe | --- #127 --- Seymchan pallasite / iron meteorite, Siberia |
| Kamacite - Ni Fe | --- #193 --- Agoudal IIAB iron meteorite, Morocco |
| Kamacite (a variant of native iron) | --- ---- --- See the majority of "meteorite" records, especially irons and stony-irons |
| Kaolinite | --- #203 --- Qingtian stone, superb lapidary material from China |
| Kentallenite | --- #239 --- Kentallenite, a dark monzonite from western Scotland |
| Kerogen (notes) - C | --- #292 --- Gold in quartz pebble conglomerates, Witwatersrand, South Africa |
| Khamrabaevite - Ti C (note) | --- #44 --- Silicides in fulgurite and ferrosilicon |
| Khondalite | --- #43 --- Khondalite from Kerala, south India |
| Kimberlite indicator minerals | --- #222 --- Diamond indicator minerals, kimberlite |
| Komatiite | --- #264 --- Komatiite, Abitibi greenstone belt, Ontario |
| Krageroite - metagabbro | --- #52 --- Titaniferous metagabbro, Norway |
| Kunzite - spodumene var. (note) | --- #257 --- Spodumene, pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Kutnohorite - Mn | --- #157 --- Manganese ores, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa |
| Labels for mineral specimens | --- #195 --- Smithsonite from Tsumeb, Namibia |
| Lamellibranchs | --- ---- --- See "fossils - mollusca - bivalves" |
| Lamprobolite (basaltic hornblende) | --- #235 --- Volcanic rocks of the Pico de Orizaba, Mexico |
| Lamprophyres | --- #56 --- Lamprophyre (intermediate porphyry) from Rossland, British Columbia |
| Lamprophyres | --- #246 ---
Lamprophyre, Iona, Scotland |
| Lapidary materials | --- ---- --- See also "sculpture...", "dimension stone" |
| Lapilli tuff | --- #159 --- Lapilli tuff / cherty sediment of Sudbury impact event, central Ontario |
| Lapilli tuff | --- #213 --- Impact ejecta, Thunder Bay, Ontario |
| Larderite | --- #203 --- Qingtian stone, superb lapidary material from China |
| Lava flows | --- #258 --- Pahoehoe basalts, Hawaii and Iceland |
| Layered intrusions - Bushveld | --- #60 --- UG-2 chromitite, Bushveld complex, South Africa |
| Layered intrusions - Bushveld | --- #220 --- South African chromites (Bushveld UG-2 chromitite, II) |
| Layered intrusions - Bushveld | --- #46 --- Graphite from the Bushveld of South Africa |
| Layered intrusions - Mineral Lake | --- #191 --- Keweenawan Mellen gabbro / gabbroic anorthosite, northern Wisconsin, U.S.A. |
| Layered intrusions - Rhum | --- #31 --- Allivalite, Rhum, Scotland |
| Layered intrusions - Stillwater | --- #286 --- Pt-Pd ore, Stillwater complex, Montana, U.S.A. |
| Lepidolite | --- ---- --- See "phyllosilicates" |
| Leucogranite | --- #169 --- Leucogranite textures and mineralogy |
| Leucogranite | --- #230 --- Mica-rich pegmatitic leucogranite, Quetico subprovince, northwest Ontario |
| Leucogranite | --- #257 --- Spodumene, pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Lightning | --- ---- --- See "fulgurites" |
| Limestones | --- ---- --- See also "sediments" |
| Limestones | --- #211 --- Tyndall stone, trace fossils, Ordovician limestone, Manitoba |
| Limestones | --- #256 --- Ordovician-age cherty limestone, Skye, Scotland |
| Listwanite | --- #35 --- Green mica in gold ore, Western Australia |
| Lithium - Li - mica | --- #66 --- Lepidolite, Harding pegmatite, New Mexico, U.S.A. |
| Lithium - Li - spodumene | --- #257 --- Spodumene, pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Lithium - Li and B - mica, elbaite | --- #202 --- Tourmaline and lepidolite from southern California, U.S.A. |
| Lithographic stone | --- #168 --- Echinodermata and the lithographic stone of Solnhofen, Germany |
| Locality index | --- ---- --- N/A. But see China, Scotland |
| Lodranites | --- ---- --- See "meteorites - achondrites" |
| Loop-textured Cu Ni Co ore | --- #240 ---- Pentlandite "loop texture" in Cu Ni Co ores, Nova mine, W.Australia |
| Luobusaite - Fe Si | --- #44 --- Silicides in fulgurite and ferrosilicon |
| Luobusaite - Fe Si | --- #205 --- Chromitite, Luobusha (Luobusa) ophiolite, southern Tibet (no illustration) |
| Magma chamber processes | --- #31 --- Allivalite, Rhum, Scotland |
| Magnetite | --- #71 --- Oxide-rich pegmatite, Grenville province, S.E. Ontario |
| Magnetite in sulphide ore | --- #115 --- Chalcopyrite ore, McCreedy West mine, Sudbury, Ontario |
| Magnetite | --- #230 --- Magnetite in
pegmatitic leucogranite, Quetico subprovince, northwest Ontario |
| Malachite - Cu | --- #267 --- Malachite, Democratic Republic of Congo |
| Man-made materials | --- ---- --- See "anthropogenic" |
| Manganese oxides - Mn | --- #157 --- Manganese ores, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa |
| Manganese oxides - Mn | --- #182 --- Manganese oxide (pyrolusite) dendrites, Atacama desert, Chile |
| Manganese oxides - Mn | --- #275 --- Manganese oxide (pyrolusite) dendrites, Emmons pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Marble | --- ---- --- See "metasediments" |
| Marl | --- #36 --- Pyrite from Navajun, Spain |
| Megacrysts (clinopyroxene) | --- #217 --- Peridotite mantle xenoliths in basalt, North China craton, Hebei, China |
| Mesolite (zeolite) | --- #274 ---
Zeolites in basalts of Iceland and beyond |
| Mesosiderites | --- ---- --- See "meteorites - stony-irons" |
| Metacinnabar - Hg | --- #4 ---- Cinnabar, mercury ore from Almaden, Spain |
| Metadiorite | --- #178 --- Glomeroporphyritic metadiorite (amphibolite) from China |
| Metagabbros | --- #149 --- Grenville metagabbro from Cordova (gold) Mines, Ontario |
| Metagabbros | --- #150 --- Coronitic Grenville metagabbro, Muskoka district, Ontario |
| Metagabbros | --- #13 --- Gabbro boulder, southern Ontario |
| Metagabbros | --- #28 --- Gabbro boulder, Marmora, Ontario |
| Metagabbros | --- #52 --- Titaniferous metagabbro, Norway |
| Metagabbros | --- #65 --- Odegaardite, metagabbro from Norway |
| Metagabbros | --- #71 --- Oxide-rich pegmatite, Grenville province, S.E. Ontario |
| Metamorphic rocks | --- ---- --- See "metagabbros", "metasediments", "metavolcanics", "marble", "skarn"... |
| Metasediments - silicate | --- #43 --- Khondalite from Kerala, south India |
| Metasediments - marble | --- #51 --- Forsterite marble, Scotland |
| Metasediments - marble | --- #58 --- Marbles of the Grenville province, S.E. Ontario |
| Metasediments - marble | --- #204 --- Marble, York River zone, Bancroft, Ontario, Canada |
| Metasediments - marble | --- #276 --- Graphitic marble of the Grenville province, southeast Ontario |
| Metasediments - marble | --- #112 --- Brucite ophicalcite (marble) from Skye, Scotland |
| Metasediments - marble | --- #249 --- Bleasdell Boulder ("Big Rock"), marble erratic, S.E. Ontario |
| Metasediments - schist | --- #128 --- Chiastolite-muscovite schist pebble, Newfoundland |
| Metasediments - slate | --- #111 --- Graptolite fossils from Dyfed, Wales |
| Metavolcanics | --- #53 --- Halleflinta from southwest Wales |
| Meteorites - achondrites - ACAP | --- #238 --- Lodranite NWA 10155 (acapulcoites are discussed, but not shown) |
| Meteorites - achondrites - brachinites | --- #188 --- NWA 10637, NWA 6292 and NWA 5363 brachinite(-like) achondrite meteorites |
| Meteorites - achondrites - HED | --- #17-18 Double take: igneous rocks from Earth & space (Millbillillie eucrite) |
| Meteorites - achondrites - HED | --- #104 --- Dhofar 485 howardite meteorite, Oman |
| Meteorites - achondrites - HED | --- #216 --- Saricicek howardite (Vestan achondrite) meteorite breccia |
| Meteorites - achondrites - LOD | --- #197 --- Lodranite NWA 11129, an achondrite meteorite, Morocco |
| Meteorites - achondrites - LOD | --- #238 --- Lodranite meteorite NWA 10155, metal-rich achondrite, Morocco |
| Meteorites - achondrites - WIN | --- #41 --- NWA 1463 Winonaite (rare achondrite meteorite), Northwest Africa) |
| Meteorites - achondrites - Earth meteorite on Moon (note) | --- #212 --- Oldest rock known on Earth, Northwest Territories, Canada |
| Meteorites - SNC achondrites - note | --- #270 --- Tranquillityite in dolerite (diabase), W.Australia |
| Meteorites - ages (notes) | --- #212 --- Oldest rock known on Earth, Northwest Territories, Canada |
| Meteorites - chondrites - "black chondrites" | --- #154 --- Classification of an NWA (Northwest Africa) "black chondrite" meteorite (NWA 12807)
| Meteorites - chondrites - CBa | --- #117 --- Bencubbin CBa bencubbinite meteorite, Western Australia |
| Meteorites - chondrites - CBa | --- #118 --- Gujba CBa bencubbinite meteorite, Nigeria |
| Meteorites - chondrites - CM2 | --- #212 --- Oldest rock known on Earth / note on oldest dates from meteorites like Murchison |
| Meteorites - chondrites - CO3 | --- #170 --- NWA 6136 CO3 carbonaceous chondrite, Morocco |
| Meteorites - chondrites - CV3 | --- #136 --- Allende CV3 carbonaceous chondrite meteorite, Mexico |
| Meteorites - chondrites - CV3 | --- #212 --- Oldest rock known on Earth / note on oldest dates from meteorites like Allende |
| Meteorites - chondrites - H4 | --- #119 --- NWA 5425 H4 chondrite meteorite, Morocco |
| Meteorites - chondrites - H5 | --- #135 --- Covert H5 ordinary chondrite meteorite, Kansas, U.S.A. |
| Meteorites - chondrites - H5 | --- #227 --- Gao-Guenie H5 meteorite shower, Burkina Faso |
| Meteorites - chondrites - L3 | --- #49 --- Moorabie L3.8 chondrite, a meteorite from N.S.W., Australia |
| Meteorites - chondrites - L3 | --- #282 --- Aba Panu L3.6 chondrite, a 2018 fall in Nigeria |
| Meteorites - chondrites - L3-6 | --- #83 --- NWA 869 brecciated chondrite meteorite, Morocco |
| Meteorites - chondrites - L4 | --- #154 --- Classification of an NWA (Northwest Africa) "black chondrite" meteorite (NWA 12807) |
| Meteorites - chondrites - L4/LL4 | --- #271 --- Saratov, L4/LL4 meteorite fall, Russia, 1918 |
|
| Meteorites - chondrites - L5 | --- #260 --- Park Forest, L5 meteorite shower, Illinois, U.S.A., 2003 |
| Meteorites - chondrites - L6 | --- #7 ---- Holbrook meteorite (Arizona, U.S.A.) |
| Meteorites - chondrites - L6 | --- #3 ---- Meteorite recognition - Kitchener |
| Meteorites - chondrites - LL3 | --- #162 --- NWA 5731, LL3.2 chondrite meteorite, Morocco |
| Meteorites - chondrites - LL4/L4 | --- #271 --- Saratov, L4/LL4 meteorite fall, Russia, 1918 |
| Meteorites - chondrites - LL5 | --- #146 --- Chelyabinsk LL5 brecciated ordinary chondrite meteorite, Russia |
| Meteorites - general | --- #3 ---- Meteorite recognition |
| Meteorites - graphite - brief note | --- #46 --- Graphite from the Bushveld of South Africa |
| Meteorites - irons - IAB | --- #3 ---- Meteorite recognition - Toronto |
| Meteorites - irons - IAB | --- #173 --- Maslyanino iron meteorite with silicate inclusions, Russia |
| Meteorites - irons - IAB-MG | --- #93 --- Campo del Cielo iron meteorite, Argentina |
| Meteorites - irons - IAB-sLL | --- #129 --- Toluca iron meteorite, Mexico |
| Meteorites - irons - IC | --- #194 --- Mount Dooling IC iron meteorite, W.Australia |
| Meteorites - irons - IIAB | --- #193 --- Agoudal IIAB iron meteorite, Morocco |
| Meteorites - irons - IIIAB | --- #254 --- Saint-Aubin IIIAB iron meteorite, France |
| Meteorites - irons - IIIE-ANOM | --- #284 --- Aletai IIIE-ANOM iron meteorite, China |
| Meteorites - irons - IVA | --- #86 --- Gibeon iron meteorite, Namibia |
| Meteorites - irons - UNGR | --- #151 --- Gebel Kamil nickel-rich iron meteorite, Egypt |
| Meteorites - irons - UNGR | --- #233 --- Dronino sulphide-rich iron meteorite, Russia |
| Meteorites - largest (heaviest) | --- #93 --- Campo del Cielo iron meteorite, Argentina |
| Meteorites - micrometeorites | --- #227 --- Gao-Guenie H5 meteorite shower, Burkina Faso |
| Meteorites - meteorite showers | --- #227 --- Gao-Guenie H5 meteorite shower, Burkina Faso |
| Meteorites - meteorite showers | --- #260 --- Park Forest, L5 meteorite shower, Illinois, U.S.A., 2003 |
| Meteorites - stony-irons - MES | --- #145 --- NWA 1242 mesosiderite, a stony-iron meteorite, Libya |
| Meteorites - stony-irons - PAL | --- #116 --- Springwater pallasite meteorite, Saskatchewan |
| Meteorites - stony-irons - PAL | --- #127 --- Seymchan pallasite / iron meteorite, Siberia |
| Meteorites - stony-irons - PAL | --- #127 --- Photo, slice of Seymchan pallasite, Far Eastern Russia |
| Meteorites - stony-irons - PAL | --- #127 --- Photo, slice of Brahin pallasite, Belarus |
| Micas | --- ---- --- See "phyllosilicates" |
| Micrite (limestone) | --- #168 --- The lithographic stone of Solnhofen, Germany |
| Microcline (var. amazonite) | --- ---- --- See "tectosilicates - feldspars" |
| Microfossils - foraminifera | --- #226 --- Camerina, Eocene "macro" microfossil nummulite, Java, Indonesia |
| Microstructures - pressure shadows | --- #153 --- Gold skarn with arsenopyrite, Osoyoos, southern Okanagan, British Columbia |
| Microstructures - crenulation cleavage | --- #95 --- Green micaceous gold ore, Hemlo, Ontario |
| Millerite - Ni | --- #5 ---- Violarite, nickel ore from Sudbury, Ontario |
| Mimetite - Pb As | --- #132 --- Mimetite, cerussite, sphaerocobaltite, Morocco |
| Mineral chemistry | --- #127 --- Seymchan meteorite: olivine, kamacite, schreibersite |
| Minium - Pb | --- #113 --- Minium from Colorado and Arizona, U.S.A. |
| Minium - Pb | --- #287 --- Anglesite and galena, Joplin, Missouri, U.S.A. |
| Molybdenite - Mo | --- #253 --- Molybdenite from Boss Mountain, British Columbia |
| Monzogranite | --- #29 --- Shap granite, Lake District, England |
| Monzonite | --- #239 --- Kentallenite, a dark monzonite from western Scotland |
| Moon rocks - oxides (note) | --- #270 --- Tranquillityite in dolerite (diabase), W.Australia |
| Mudan stone | --- #178 --- Glomeroporphyritic amphibolitic diorite porphyry from China |
| Muscovite mica | --- #230 --- Mica-rich pegmatitic leucogranite, Quetico subprovince, northwest Ontario |
| Myrmekite (note) | --- #261 --- Graphic granite, Havey pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Nacrite (kaolinite polymorph) | --- #203 --- Qingtian stone, superb lapidary material from China |
| Naquite - Fe Si | --- #44 --- Silicides in fulgurite and ferrosilicon |
| Native elements - Ag | --- #126 --- Native silver in vein, Silver Islet, Thunder Bay area, Ontario |
| Native elements - Ag (with PGM) | --- #15 --- Cabriite (a palladium mineral) from Noril'sk, Russia |
| Native elements - As | --- #268 --- Native arsenic in Sarawak |
| Native elements - Au | --- #21 --- Native gold from California, U.S.A. |
| Native elements - Au | --- #77 --- Native gold from Guyana |
| Native elements - Au | --- #78 --- Native gold, Hoyle Pond, Timmins, Ontario |
| Native elements - Au | --- #158 --- Gold-silver tellurides, Colorado, U.S.A., I |
| Native elements - Au | --- #8 ---- Berthierite, Iron-antimony sulphide from Borneo |
| Native elements - Au - goldsmithing | --- #223 --- Early Irish goldsmithing tools |
| Native elements - Au | --- #292 --- Gold in quartz pebble conglomerates, Witwatersrand, South Africa |
| Native elements - C | --- #25 --- Diamonds from Africa |
| Native elements - C | --- #26 --- Diamond and carbonado, Siberia & Africa |
| Native elements - C | --- #46 --- Graphite from the Bushveld of South Africa |
| Native elements - Cu | --- #106 --- Native copper and datolite, northern Michigan, U.S.A |
| Native elements - Cu | --- #143 --- Native "float copper" from Houghton county, Michigan, U.S.A. (MM05) |
| Native elements - Fe | --- #121 --- Putorana metal-rich basalt / pseudometeorite, Siberia |
| Native elements - Fe | --- #221 --- Native iron from Russia, II (Khungtukun) |
| Native elements - Os | --- #177 --- Native osmium from the Urals of Russia |
| Native elements - S | --- #280 --- Native sulphur on celestine, Michigan, U.S.A. |
| Native elements - various | --- #205 --- Chromitite, Luobusa ophiolite, southern Tibet |
| Natrolite | --- #281 --- Sodalite syenite, Bancroft, Ontario, Canada |
| Nepheline | --- #281 --- Sodalite syenite, Bancroft, Ontario, Canada |
| Nephrite jade | --- #70 --- Jade from northern British Columbia |
| Nephrite jade | --- #207 --- Massive jade as decorative piece, from China |
| Nesosilicates - garnet in khondalite | --- #43 --- Khondalite from Kerala, south India |
| Nesosilicates - garnet in leucogranite | --- #169 --- Leucogranite textures and mineralogy |
| Nesosilicates - garnet in leucogranite | --- #230 --- Garnet in pegmatitic leucogranite, Quetico subprovince, northwest Ontario |
| Nesosilicates - garnet skarn | --- #234 --- Garnet skarn, Rossland, British Columbia |
| Nesosilicates - garnet in kimberlite | --- #222 --- Diamond indicator minerals, kimberlite |
| Nesosilicates - garnet in eclogite | --- #273 --- Eclogite, Glenelg, Scotland |
| Nesosilicates - olivine | --- #51 --- Forsterite marble, Scotland |
| Nesosilicates - olivine | --- #155 --- Dunitic mantle xenolith from Mount Leura, western Victoria, Australia |
| Nesosilicates - olivine | --- #217 --- Peridotite mantle xenoliths in basalt, North China craton, Hebei, China |
| Nesosilicates - olivine | --- #31 --- Allivalite, Rhum, Scotland |
| Nesosilicates - olivine | --- #264 --- Komatiite, Abitibi greenstone belt, Ontario |
| Nesosilicates - olivine | --- #49 --- Moorabie L3.8 chondrite, a meteorite from N.S.W., Australia |
| Nesosilicates - olivine | --- #127 --- Seymchan (Brahin, Brenham) pallasites, stony-iron meteorites |
| Nesosilicates - olivine | --- #116 --- Springwater pallasite meteorite, Saskatchewan |
| Nesosilicates - olivine | --- #188 --- NWA 10637, NWA 6292 and NWA 5363 brachinite(-like) achondrite meteorites |
| Nesosilicates - sillimanite | --- #43 --- Khondalite from Kerala, south India |
| Nesosilicates - titanite | --- #167 --- Titanite (sphene) from the Grenville province, Ontario |
| Nesosilicates - tranquillityite - Fe Ti Zr Y | --- #270 --- Tranquillityite in dolerite (diabase), W.Australia |
| Neumann lines | --- #193 --- Agoudal IIAB iron meteorite, Morocco |
| New Red Sandstone | --- #255 --- Brodick breccia, New Red Sandstone, Arran, Scotland |
| Niccolite - Ni As | --- #40 --- Cobalt-nickel arsenide ore, Cobalt district, Ontario |
| Nickel - Ni | --- ---- --- See "niccolite" and iron meteorite phases like kamacite and schreibersite |
| Nickel antimonide | --- #184--- Breithauptite, nickel antimonide, from Cobalt, Ontario |
| Nickel arsenides | --- #40 --- Cobalt-nickel arsenide ore, Cobalt district, Ontario |
| Nickel sulphides - Ni | --- #97 --- Massive sulphide bear as folk-art carving (Sudbury, Ontario) |
| Nickel sulphides - Ni | --- #5 ---- Violarite, nickel ore from Sudbury, Ontario |
| Nickel sulphides - Ni | --- #240 ---- Pentlandite-rich Cu Ni Co ore, Nova mine, W.Australia |
| Nickel sulphide ores (discussion) - Ni | --- #264 --- Komatiite, Abitibi greenstone belt, Ontario |
| Nickel-iron alloys: taenite | --- #127 --- Seymchan pallasite / iron meteorite, Siberia |
| Nitrides - qingsongite - B N | --- #205 --- Chromitite, Luobusa ophiolite, Tibet (no illustration) |
| Nodosaurs (no illustration) |
--- #248 ---
Crichtonsaurus, ankylosaur, China (MM09) |
| Nodules (mantle nodules) | --- ---- --- See "xenoliths" |
| Nummulites | --- #226 --- Camerina, Eocene fossil nummulite foraminiferan, Java, Indonesia |
| Obsidian | --- #259 ---
Obsidian from southern Iceland |
| Obsidian (discussed but not illustrated) | --- #237 ---
Glassy andesite ("pitchstone"), Popocatepetl volcano, Mexico |
| Odegaardite | --- #65 --- Odegaardite, metagabbro from Norway |
| Oldest rock on Earth | --- #212 --- Acasta gneiss, Northwest Territories, Canada |
| Olivine | --- ---- --- See "nesosilicates - olivine" |
| Omars - distinctive erratics | --- #74 --- Siltstone cobble, Slate Islands, N.W. Ontario |
| Opal | --- #6 ---- Opal in Volcanic rock from Honduras |
| Ophicalcite | --- #112 --- Brucite ophicalcite (marble) from Skye, Scotland |
| Ophiolites - chromitite - Cr | --- #205 --- Chromitite, Luobusa ophiolite, southern Tibet |
| Ophiolites - chromite | --- #285 --- Sand from southwest Oregon, U.S.A. |
| Ophiolites - serpentinite | --- #210 --- Serpentinized mantle peridotite, Gros Morne, western Newfoundland (MM06) |
| Ophiuroids | --- ---- --- See "fossils" section |
| Orbicular texture | --- #92 --- Orbicular granite, coast of northern Chile |
| Ores (and ore minerals) | --- ---- --- See individual commodities, sulphides, etc - examples: |
| Ores - antimony - Sb | --- #10 --- Stibnite from South Africa |
| Ores - arsenic - As | --- #180 --- Arsenic sulphides realgar and orpiment from China |
| Ores - chromium - Cr | --- #60 --- UG-2 chromitite, Bushveld complex, South Africa |
| Ores - cobalt - Co Ni As | --- #40 --- Cobalt-nickel arsenide ore, Cobalt district, Ontario |
| Ores - copper - Cu - native Cu | --- #143 --- Native "float copper" from Houghton county, Michigan, U.S.A. (MM05) |
| Ores - copper - Cu - magmatic | --- #115 --- Chalcopyrite ore, McCreedy West mine, Sudbury, Ontario |
| Ores - corundum, abrasives | --- #91 --- Grenville corundum, east of Bancroft, Ontario |
| Ores - gallium, germanium - Ga Ge | --- #171 --- Sphalerite in Cu Ge (Zn Ga) ore, Tsumeb, Namibia |
| Ores - gold - Au | --- #80 --- Pyritic gold ore, Hemlo, Ontario |
| Ores - gold - Au | --- #95 --- Green micaceous gold ore, Hemlo, Ontario |
| Ores - gold - Au | --- #292 --- Gold in quartz pebble conglomerates, Witwatersrand, South Africa |
| Ores - iron - Fe | --- #88 --- Banded iron formation, Western Australia |
| Ores - lead - Pb | --- #200 --- Galena crystal habits, Viburnum Trend, Missouri and Keno Hill, Yukon |
| Ores - lithium - Li | --- #257 --- Spodumene, pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Ores - manganese - Mn | --- #157 --- Manganese ores, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa |
| Ores - marble | --- #58 --- Marbles of the Grenville province, S.E. Ontario |
| Ores - mercury - Hg | --- #4 ---- Cinnabar, mercury ore from Almaden, Spain |
| Ores - molybdenum - Mo | --- #253 --- Molybdenite from Boss Mountain, British Columbia |
| Ores - nickel - Ni | --- #5 ---- Violarite, nickel ore from Sudbury, Ontario |
| Ores - nickel - Ni Cu Co | --- #240 ---- Loop-textured Cu Ni Co ore, Nova mine, W.Australia |
| Ores - palladium - Pd | --- #15 --- Cabriite (a palladium mineral) from Noril'sk, Russia |
| Ores - platinum - Pt | --- #81 --- Sperrylite, Sudbury, Ontario |
| Ores - silver - Ag | --- #20 --- Silver ore, Fresnillo, Zacatecas, Mexico |
| Ores - tin - Sn | --- #209 --- Rich cassiterite tin ore, Cornwall, England |
| Ores - tungsten - W | --- #152 --- Quartz-wolframite vein (tin-tungsten ore) in greisen, Cligga Head, Cornwall, England |
| Ores - zinc - Zn - sulphide | --- #215 --- Sphalerite (zinc ore / chemistry), Long Lake, Ontario & Balmat, New York |
| Ores - zinc - Zn - oxidized | --- #195 --- Smithsonite from Tsumeb, Namibia |
| Ores - zirconium - Zr | --- #138 --- Eudialyte syenite from Kipawa, Quebec (MM02) |
| Ornamental stone | --- #178 --- Glomeroporphyritic amphibolitic diorite porphyry from China |
| Ornamental stone | --- #203 --- Qingtian stone, superb lapidary material from China |
| Ornamental stone | --- #281 --- Sodalite syenite, Bancroft, Ontario, Canada |
| Orpiment - As | --- #180 --- Arsenic sulphides realgar and orpiment from China |
| Orpiment - As | --- #99 --- Galena, quartz and orpiment, Peru |
| Orthoclase alkali feldspar | --- ---- --- See "tectosilicates - feldspars" |
| Osmium - Os | --- #177 --- Native osmium from the Urals of Russia |
| Oxides - Al | --- #14 --- Corundum (ruby & sapphire) from India |
| Oxides - Al | --- #91 --- Grenville corundum, east of Bancroft, Ontario |
| Oxides - Cr Fe | --- #60 --- UG-2 chromitite, Bushveld complex, South Africa |
| Oxides - Fe (magnetite, ilmenite) | --- #71 --- Magnetite-rich pegmatite, Grenville province, S.E. Ontario |
| Oxides - Fe | --- #230 --- Magnetite in a pegmatitic leucogranite, Quetico subprovince, northwest Ontario |
| Oxides - Fe | --- #164 --- Botryoidal hematite, iron oxide from Bou Azzer, Morocco |
| Oxides - Fe Ti - ilmenite in kimberlite | --- #222 --- Diamond indicator minerals, kimberlite |
| Oxides - Fe Ti - ilmenite | --- #270 --- Ilmenite in dolerite (diabase), W.Australia |
| Oxides - water ice | --- #38 --- Ice - a mineral! |
| Oxides - Mn | --- #157 --- Manganese ores, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa |
| Oxides - Mn | --- #182 --- Manganese oxide (pyrolusite) dendrites, Atacama desert, Chile |
| Oxides - Pb | --- #113 --- Minium from Colorado and Arizona, U.S.A. |
| Oxides - Sn | --- #209 --- Rich cassiterite tin ore, Cornwall, England |
| Oxides - Ti | --- #52 --- Titaniferous metagabbro, Norway |
| Oxides- Zn Fe Mn | --- #198 --- Franklinite in fluorescent zinc ore, New Jersey, U.S.A. |
| Pahoehoe basalts | --- #258 --- Pahoehoe basalts, Hawaii and Iceland |
| Paisanite (not illustrated) | --- #241 --- Trachyte lava, Tigrai, Ethiopia |
| Palaeontology | --- ---- --- See numerous entries under "fossils" |
| Paleosol | --- #263 --- Stripey, spotted siltstone, East Kimberleys, W.Australia |
| Pallasites | --- ---- --- See "meteorites - stony-irons" |
| Pegmatites - granite (feldspar) | --- #105 --- Amazonite feldspar from Sidamo, southern Ethiopia |
| Pegmatites - granite (feldspar) | --- #47 --- Granitic pegmatite from the Grenville province of S.E. Ontario |
| Pegmatites - granite (feldspar) | --- #102 --- Perthitic granite pegmatite, Grenville province, Ontario |
| Pegmatites - granite (leucogranite) | --- #169 --- Leucogranite textures and mineralogy |
| Pegmatites - granite (leucogranite) | --- #230 --- Mica-rich pegmatitic leucogranite, Quetico subprovince, northwest Ontario |
| Pegmatites - graphic granite | --- #261 --- Graphic granite, Havey pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Pegmatites - lepidolite mica - Li | --- #66 --- Lepidolite, Harding pegmatite, New Mexico, U.S.A. |
| Pegmatites - granite (tourmaline) - B | --- #100 --- Pegmatitic granite, Tregonning-Godolphin stock, Cornwall, England |
| Pegmatites - granite (tourmaline) - B | --- #202 --- Tourmaline and lepidolite from southern
California, U.S.A. |
| Pegmatites - granite (tourmaline) | --- #283 --- Tourmaline and garnet, Mount Mica pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Pegmatites - weathering - Mn | --- #275 --- Manganese oxide (pyrolusite) dendrites, Emmons pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Pegmatites - granite (spodumene) - Li | --- #257 --- Spodumene, Plumbago North pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Pegmatites / mafic pegmatoid - oxide metagabbro | --- #71 --- Oxide-rich pegmatite, Grenville province, S.E. Ontario |
| Pelecypods | --- ---- --- See "fossils - mollusca - bivalves" |
| Pentlandite - Ni | --- #240 ---- Pentlandite-rich ore, Nova mine, W.Australia |
| Peony stone | --- #178 --- Glomeroporphyritic amphibolitic diorite porphyry from China |
| Peperite | --- #114 --- Peperite identified in outcrop in Tigrai, Ethiopia |
| Peridotite | --- #82 --- Slickensides in peridotite, Current Lake, northwest Ontario |
| Peridotite | --- #144 --- Keweenawan peridotite, Midcontinent Rift, Eagle project, Michigan, U.S.A. |
| Peridotite | --- #210 --- Serpentinized mantle peridotite, Gros Morne, western Newfoundland (MM06) |
| Peridotite | --- #217 --- Peridotite mantle xenoliths in basalt, North China craton, Hebei, China |
| Peridotite (notes) | --- #285 --- Sand from southwest Oregon, U.S.A. |
| Perryite - Fe Si(no specific illustration) | --- #44 --- Silicides in fulgurite and ferrosilicon |
| Perthite (intergrowth) | --- #102 --- Perthitic granite pegmatite, Grenville province, Ontario |
| Perthite (note) | --- #261 --- Graphic granite, Havey pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Phenocrysts - K-feldspar in granite | --- #29 --- Shap granite, Lake District, England |
| Phenocrysts - plagioclase and hornblende in andesite | --- #147 --- Andesite lava from Poas volcano, at Bosque de Paz, Costa Rica |
| Phenocrysts | --- #237 ---
Glassy andesite ("pitchstone"), Popocatepetl volcano, Mexico |
| Phenocrysts | --- ---- --- See also "porphyry", "porphyritic", "megacryst" |
| Philippinite (australite) tektite | --- #156 --- Historic "soccer ball" tektite from the Philippines, and others |
| Phlogopite | --- ---- --- See "phyllosilicates" |
| Phonolite | --- #161 --- Gold-silver tellurides, Colorado, U.S.A., II |
| Phosphates - apatite | --- #1 ---- Apatite & orange calcite from Renfrew County, Grenville province, Ontario |
| Phosphates - apatite | --- #2 ---- Apatite & biotite from the Bancroft area, Grenville province, Ontario |
| Phosphates - apatite | --- #107 --- Apatite and phlogopite, Palabora, South Africa |
| Phosphates - graftonite, sarcopside (notes) | --- #254 --- Saint-Aubin IIIAB iron meteorite, France |
| Phosphates - pyromorphite | --- #252 ---- Pyromorphite from County Wicklow, Ireland & Leadhills, Scotland |
| Phosphates - wavellite | --- #199 --- Wavellite from north Devon, England |
| Phosphides - schreibersite | --- #127 --- Seymchan pallasite / iron meteorite, Siberia |
| Phosphides - schreibersite | --- #193 --- Agoudal IIAB iron meteorite, Morocco |
| Phosphides - schreibersite | --- #254 --- Saint-Aubin IIIAB iron meteorite, France |
| Photochromism | --- #281 --- Sodalite syenite, Bancroft, Ontario, Canada |
| Phyllosilicates - apophyllite | --- #134 --- Apophyllite from northern San Luis Potosi, Mexico (MM01) |
| Phyllosilicates - apophyllite | --- #142 --- Zeolites and apophyllite from Pune (Poona), Maharashtra, India |
| Phyllosilicates - biotite | --- #281 --- Sodalite syenite, Bancroft, Ontario, Canada |
| Phyllosilicates - dickite | --- #203 --- Qingtian stone, superb lapidary material from China |
| Phyllosilicates - green mica - Cr | --- #35 --- Green mica in gold ore, Western Australia |
| Phyllosilicates - green mica - Cr | --- #279 ---
Quartz-carbonate-green mica breccia, Timmins, Ontario |
| Phyllosilicates - green mica - V | --- #95 --- Green micaceous gold ore, Hemlo, Ontario |
| Phyllosilicates - illite | --- #203 --- Qingtian stone, superb lapidary material from China |
| Phyllosilicates - kaolinite | --- #203 --- Qingtian stone, superb lapidary material from China |
| Phyllosilicates - micas | --- #51 --- Forsterite marble, Scotland |
| Phyllosilicates - micas | --- #107 --- Apatite and phlogopite, Palabora, South Africa |
| Phyllosilicates - micas - Li | --- #66 --- Lepidolite, Harding pegmatite, New Mexico, U.S.A. |
| Phyllosilicates - micas - Li | --- #202 --- Tourmaline and lepidolite from southern California, U.S.A. |
| Phyllosilicates - micas | --- #230 --- Muscovitic, pegmatitic leucogranite, Quetico subprovince, northwest Ontario |
| Phyllosilicates - nacrite | --- #203 --- Qingtian stone, superb lapidary material from China |
| Phyllosilicates - pyrophyllite | --- #203 --- Qingtian stone, superb lapidary material from China |
| Phyllosilicates - serpentine | --- #210 --- Serpentinized mantle peridotite, Gros Morne, western Newfoundland |
| Phyllosilicates - serpentine | --- #250 --- Stichtite, Mg Cr carbonate, from Tasmania, Australia |
| Pitchstone | --- #237 ---
Glassy andesite ("pitchstone"), Popocatepetl volcano, Mexico |
| Pitchstone | --- #242 ---
Pitchstone from the Isle of Arran, western Scotland |
| Pitchstone: craignurite | --- #245 ---
Craignurite, Isle of Mull, Scotland |
| Place names - Colorado | --- #174 --- Quartzite from Quandary Peak, Colorado, U.S.A. |
| Placer deposits - gold - Au | --- #77 --- Native gold from Guyana |
| Placer deposits - PGE - Os | --- #177 --- Native osmium from the Urals of Russia |
| Plagioclase feldspar | --- ---- --- See, e.g., "tectosilicates - feldspars", "anorthosites" |
| Plagioclase feldspar | --- #50 --- Calcic anorthosite, northern Ontario |
| Plagioclase feldspar | --- #17-18 Double take: igneous rocks from Earth & space |
| Platinum Group Elements - PGE (see also PGM) | --- #31 --- PGE in Rhum layered intrusion, Scotland |
| Platinum Group Mineral - PGM - Cu Sn Pd (cabriite) | --- #15 --- Cabriite (a palladium mineral) from Noril'sk, Russia |
| Platinum Group Mineral - PGM - Pt Sb (geversite) | --- #15 --- Cabriite (a palladium mineral) from Noril'sk, Russia |
| Platinum Group Mineral - PGM - Os (native osmium) | --- #177 --- Native osmium from the Urals of Russia |
| Platinum Group Mineral - PGM - Pt As (sperrylite) | --- #81 --- Sperrylite, Sudbury, Ontario |
| Platinum Group Mineral - PGM - Pt As (sperrylite) | --- #81b -- Sperrylite, Sudbury, Ontario (.pdf, 138 kb) |
| Platinum Group Minerals - various (note) | --- #205 --- Chromitite, Luobusa ophiolite, southern Tibet |
| Platinum Group Minerals - various (note) | --- #286 --- Pt-Pd ore, Stillwater complex, Montana, U.S.A. |
| Porcellanite (no photo) | --- #224 --- Irish stone tools made from Italian jadeitite |
| Porphyry / porphyritic | --- #147 --- Andesite lava from Poas volcano, at Bosque de Paz, Costa Rica |
| Porphyritic granite | --- #29 --- Shap granite, Lake District, England |
| Porphyry deposits - Mo (etc) | --- #253 --- Molybdenite from Boss Mountain, British Columbia |
| Potash (notes) | --- #262 --- Folded evaporite strata, New Brunswick |
| Pothole structures with graphite - C | --- #46 --- Graphite from the Bushveld of South Africa |
| Preselite | --- #160 --- Spotted dolerite, Preseli Hills, Dyfed, Wales |
| Pressure shadows - quartz | --- #153 --- Gold skarn with arsenopyrite, Osoyoos, southern Okanagan, British Columbia |
| Pulaskite | --- #57 --- Pulaskite (syenite) from Rossland, British Columbia |
| Pyrargyrite - Ag Sb S | --- #20 --- Silver ore, Fresnillo, Zacatecas, Mexico |
| Pyrite - Fe | --- #36 --- Pyrite from Navajun, Spain |
| Pyrite - Fe | --- #42 --- Pyrite from Nanisivik, Baffin Island, Nunavut |
| Pyrite - Fe | --- #68 --- Pyrite in charnockite, Kodaikanal, south India |
| Pyrite - Fe | --- #172 --- Pyrite sun (concretion), Illinois, U.S.A. |
| Pyrite - Fe | --- #215 --- Pyrite from Balmat, New York |
| Pyrite - Fe | --- #292 --- Gold in quartz pebble conglomerates, Witwatersrand, South Africa |
| Pyroaurite (discussion only) | --- #250 --- Stichtite, Mg Cr carbonate, from Tasmania, Australia |
| Pyrolusite - Mn | --- #182 --- Manganese oxide (pyrolusite) dendrites, Atacama desert, Chile |
| Pyrolusite - Mn | --- #275 --- Manganese oxide (pyrolusite) dendrites on pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Pyromorphite - Pb P Cl | --- #252 ---- Pyromorphite from County Wicklow, Ireland & Leadhills, Scotland |
| Pyrope - Mg Al garnet | --- #222 --- Diamond indicator minerals, kimberlite |
| Pyrophyllite | --- #203 --- Qingtian stone, superb lapidary material from China |
| Pyroxenes | --- ---- --- See "inosilicates - pyroxenes" |
| Pyroxmangite | --- #22 --- Pyroxmangite (`rhodonite') from Colorado, U.S.A. |
| Pyrrhotite - Fe | --- #68 --- Sulphidic charnockite, Kodaikanal, south India |
| Pyrrhotite - Fe | --- #240 ---- Pyrrhotite in Cu Ni Co ore, Nova mine, W.Australia |
| Quartz - Si | --- ---- --- See "tectosilicates - silica" |
| Quartz (amethyst, etc) - Si | --- #206 --- Quartz as semi-precious stone: nine faceted examples (smoky quartz, rose quartz, etc) |
| Quartz-ankerite-mariposite ("QAM") rock | --- #35 --- Green mica in gold ore, Western Australia |
| Quartz-ankerite-mariposite ("QAM") rock | --- #279 ---
Quartz-carbonate-green mica breccia, Timmins, Ontario |
| Quartz veins | --- #225 --- Extensional quartz veins, Cork and Kerry, southern Ireland |
| Quartz veins | --- ---- --- See also "veins" (many have quartz-rich filling) |
| Quartz veins | --- #279 ---
Quartz-carbonate-green mica breccia, Timmins, Ontario |
| Quartzite | --- #174 --- Quartzite from Quandary Peak, Colorado, U.S.A. |
| Qingsongite, cubic BN | --- #205 --- Chromitite, Luobusa ophiolite, Tibet (no illustration) |
| Qingtian stone | --- #203 --- Qingtian stone, superb lapidary material from China |
| Rapakivi granite texture | --- #179 --- Textures in a rapakivi granite from Beijing, China |
| Realgar - As | --- #180 --- Arsenic sulphides realgar and orpiment from China |
| Realgar - As | --- #268 --- Native arsenic in Sarawak |
| Red Crag | --- #183 --- The bivalve Glycimeris in the Pliocene Red Crag of Essex, England |
| Reichenbach lamellae (note) | --- #254 --- Saint-Aubin IIIAB iron meteorite, France |
| Resistivity | --- #184--- Breithauptite, nickel antimonide, from Cobalt, Ontario |
| Rhodochrosite - Mn (discussion only) | --- #174 --- Quartzite from Quandary Peak, Colorado, U.S.A. |
| Rhodonite (pyroxmangite) - Mn | --- #22 --- Pyroxmangite ("rhodonite") from Colorado, U.S.A. |
| Richterite | --- #166 --- Unusual amphibole from the Grenville province, Ontario |
| Riebeckite | --- #241 --- Trachyte lava, Tigrai, Ethiopia |
| Rizalite (philippinite) tektite | --- #156 --- Historic "soccer ball" tektite from the Philippines, and others |
| Rock crystal (clear quartz) | --- #269 --- Agate (locality unknown) |
| Roscoelite (V green mica) | --- #95 --- Green micaceous gold ore, Hemlo, Ontario |
| Rubellite (tourmaline)- B | --- #202 --- Tourmaline and lepidolite from southern California, U.S.A. |
| Ruby | --- #14 --- Corundum (ruby & sapphire) from India |
| Rucklidgeite - Pb Bi Ag Te | --- #67 --- Rucklidgeite, rare telluride, N.E. Ontario |
| Safflorite - Co As | --- #40 --- Cobalt-nickel arsenide ore, Cobalt district, Ontario |
| Saligrams | --- #139 --- Fossil "surprise" cephalopods from Nepal |
| Sand (protolith of fulgurite) | --- #37 --- Fulgurite from Ontario |
| Sand - Red Crag | --- #183 --- The bivalve Glycimeris in the Pliocene Red Crag of Essex, England |
| Sand (beach sand) | --- #285 --- Sand from southwest Oregon, U.S.A. |
| Sandstone | --- #84 --- Concretion, northwest Ontario |
| Sandstone | --- #266 --- Millstone Grit from Derbyshire, England |
| Sapphire | --- #14 --- Corundum (ruby & sapphire) from India |
| Scapolite | --- #90 --- Scapolite from Quebec |
| Scapolite | --- #65 --- Odegaardite, metagabbro from Norway |
| Schorl (Fe-rich tourmaline) | --- #283 --- Tourmaline and garnet, Mount Mica pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Schreibersite - Fe Ni P | --- #127 --- Seymchan pallasite / iron meteorite, Siberia |
| Schreibersite - Fe Ni P | --- #193 --- Agoudal IIAB iron meteorite, Morocco |
| Schreibersite - Fe Ni P | --- #254 --- Saint-Aubin IIIAB iron meteorite, France |
| Scoria | --- #108 --- Basaltic scoria and volcanic bomb, Mount Fuji, Japan |
| Scotland - samples & sites index | --- #246 ---
Lamprophyre, Iona, Scotland |
| Sculpture / lapidary / ornamental | --- ---- --- See also "dimension stone" |
| Sculpture / lapidary / ornamental | --- #203 --- Qingtian stone, superb lapidary material from China |
| Sculpture / lapidary / ornamental | --- #97 --- Massive sulphide bear as folk-art carving (Sudbury, Ontario) |
| Sculpture / lapidary / ornamental | --- #160 --- Spotted dolerite and volcanic tuff, Dyfed, Wales |
| Sedimentary rocks | --- ---- --- See "sediments" section below |
| Sedimentary structures | --- #266 --- Cross-bedding in Millstone Grit from Derbyshire, England |
| Sediments - arkose (feldspathic sandstone) | --- #272 --- Torridonian arkose from Liathach, Scotland |
| Sediments - BIF | --- #88 --- Banded iron formation, Western Australia |
| Sediments - BIF | --- #98 --- Banded iron formation, south India |
| Sediments - sandstone breccia | --- #255 --- Brodick breccia, New Red Sandstone, Arran, Scotland |
| Sediments - conglomerate | --- #72 --- Palaeobeach with igneous pebbles, Cuba |
| Sediments - conglomerate | --- #272 --- Cambrian basal conglomerate from Liathach, Scotland |
| Sediments - conglomerate | --- #292 --- Gold in quartz pebble conglomerates, Witwatersrand, South Africa |
| Sediments - dolostone tempestite | --- #219 --- Tempestite - Jixian dolostone, Tianjin, China |
| Sediments - gritstone (coarse sandstone) | --- #266 --- Millstone Grit from Derbyshire, England |
| Sediments - grit (coarse sandstone) | --- #272 --- Torridonian grit from Liathach, Scotland |
| Sediments - limestone (micrite) | --- #168 --- Echinodermata and the lithographic stone of Solnhofen, Germany |
| Sediments - limestone with fossils | --- #208 --- Shelly Ordovician limestone, Campbellford, southeast Ontario |
| Sediments - limestone with trace fossils | --- #211 --- Tyndall stone, trace fossils, Ordovician limestone, Manitoba |
| Sediments - limestones | --- #256 --- Ordovician-age cherty limestone, Skye, Scotland |
| Sediments - marl | --- #36 --- Pyrite from Navajun, Spain |
| Sediments - quartzite | --- #174 --- Quartzite from Quandary Peak, Colorado, U.S.A. |
| Sediments - quartzite | --- #272 --- Cambrian quartzite from Liathach, Scotland |
| Sediments - sand (protolith of fulgurite) | --- #37 --- Fulgurite from Ontario |
| Sediments - sand - Red Crag | --- #183 --- The bivalve Glycimeris in the Pliocene Red Crag of Essex, England |
| Sediments - beach sand | --- #285 --- Sand from southwest Oregon, U.S.A. |
| Sediments - sandstone | --- #84 --- Concretion, northwest Ontario |
| Sediments - sandstone | --- #266 --- Millstone Grit from Derbyshire, England |
| Sediments - sandstones | --- #272 --- Torridonian and Cambrian strata, Liathach, Scotland |
| Sediments - shale (black shale) | --- #172 --- Pyrite sun (concretion), Illinois, U.S.A. |
| Sediments - siltstone | --- #74 --- Siltstone cobble, Slate Islands, N.W. Ontario |
| Sediments - siltstone | --- #263 --- Stripey, spotted siltstone, East Kimberleys, W.Australia |
| Selenides - Cu Se | --- #61 --- Umangite: selenides from Moravia and Saskatchewan |
| Semi-precious stones | --- ---- --- cf. gemstones: see amethyst, quartz, jade, etc |
| Serpentine | --- #250 --- Stichtite, Mg Cr carbonate, from Tasmania, Australia |
| Serpentinite | --- #210 --- Serpentinized mantle peridotite, Gros Morne, western Newfoundland (MM06) |
| Sheet silicates | --- ---- --- See "phyllosilicates" |
| Shock melt | --- #260 --- Park Forest, L5 meteorite shower, Illinois, U.S.A., 2003 |
| Shock melt | --- #282 --- Aba Panu L3.6 chondrite, a 2018 fall in Nigeria |
| Silicates | --- ---- --- See "nesosilicates",
"sorosilicates", "cyclosilicates, "inosilicates",
"phyllosilicates", "tectosilicates" |
| Silicides - Fe Si - at least 8 species | --- #44 --- Silicides in fulgurite and ferrosilicon |
| Silicides in fulgurite - hapkeite (no photo) - Fe Si | --- #37 --- Fulgurite from Ontario |
| Silicides - luobusaite - Fe Si | --- #205 --- Chromitite, Luobusa ophiolite, southern Tibet (no illustration) |
| Sillimanite | --- #43 --- Khondalite from Kerala, south India |
| Silver - Ag | --- ---- --- See "native elements - Ag", "tellurides" & "sulphosalts - Ag" |
| Skarn (gold) - Au | --- #153 --- Gold skarn with arsenopyrite, Osoyoos, southern Okanagan, British Columbia |
| Skarn (gold) - Au | --- #234 --- Garnet skarn, Rossland, British Columbia |
| Skarn - Mg | --- #112 --- Brucite ophicalcite (marble) from Skye, Scotland |
| Skarn - Zn Pb Ag Cu | --- #251 --- Polymetallic Zn-Pb-Ag-Cu ore, Charcas, San Luis Potosi, Mexico |
| Skutterudite - Ni Co As | --- #40 --- Cobalt-nickel arsenide ore, Cobalt district, Ontario |
| Slags - Sudbury, ON | --- #3 ---- Meteorite recognition - slags |
| Slags - Sudbury, ON | --- #192 --- Nickel smelter slag, Sudbury, Ontario |
| Slags - southern Ontario | --- #27 --- Copper-rich slag, Belleville, Ontario |
| Slags - Durango, CO | --- #176 --- Slag from the Durango mining district, Colorado, U.S.A. |
| Slate | --- #111 --- Graptolite fossils from Dyfed, Wales |
| Slickensides | --- #82 --- Slickensides, peridotite, northwest Ontario |
| Slickensides | --- #250 --- Stichtite, Mg Cr carbonate, from Tasmania, Australia |
| Smithsonite - Zn | --- #195 --- Smithsonite from Tsumeb, Namibia |
| Sodalite | --- #281 --- Sodalite syenite, Bancroft, Ontario, Canada |
| Soil (notes) | --- #263 --- Stripey, spotted siltstone, East Kimberleys, W.Australia |
| Sorosilicates - epidote | --- #50 --- Calcic anorthosite, northern Ontario |
| Sorosilicates - hemimorphite | --- #195 --- Hemimorphite from Ojuela mine, Mapimi, Durango, Mexico |
| Specimen labels | --- ---- --- See "labels" |
| Sperrylite - Pt As | --- #81 --- Sperrylite, Sudbury, Ontario |
| Sperrylite - Pt As | --- #81b -- Sperrylite, Sudbury, Ontario (.pdf, 138 kb) |
| Sperrylite - Pt As | --- #15 --- Cabriite (a palladium mineral) from Noril'sk, Russia |
| Spessartine - Mn Al garnet | --- #230 --- Garnet in pegmatitic leucogranite, Quetico subprovince, northwest Ontario |
| Sphaerocobaltite | --- #132 --- Mimetite, cerussite, sphaerocobaltite, Morocco |
| Sphalerite - Zn | --- #12 --- Banded sphalerite from Nanisivik, Baffin Island, Nunavut |
| Sphalerite - Zn | --- #59 --- Sphalerite-rich ore, Lake District, N.W. England |
| Sphalerite - Zn | --- #48 --- Zinc-lead vein from the Grenville province of S.E. Ontario |
| Sphalerite - Zn | --- #148 --- Silica-flooded sulphidic ore, Mineral de Pozos, Guanajuato, Mexico |
| Sphalerite - Zn | --- #171 --- Sphalerite in Cu Ge (Zn Ga) ore, Tsumeb, Namibia |
| Sphalerite in gold ore | --- #158 --- Calaverite, Colorado, U.S.A. |
| Sphalerite - Zn | --- #175 --- "Zebra rock", a lead-zinc-silver ore from Colorado, U.S.A. |
| Sphalerite - Zn Pb Ag Cu | --- #251 --- Polymetallic Zn-Pb-Ag-Cu ore, Charcas, San Luis Potosi, Mexico |
| Sphalerite - Zn | --- #198 --- Sphalerite in fluorescent zinc ore, New Jersey, U.S.A. |
| Sphalerite - Zn Cd (etc) | --- #215 --- Sphalerite (zinc ore / chemistry), Long Lake, Ontario & Balmat, New York |
| Sphene | --- #167 --- Titanite (sphene) from the Grenville province, Ontario |
| Spinifex texture | --- #264 --- Komatiite, Abitibi greenstone belt, Ontario |
| Spodumene - Li | --- #257 --- Spodumene, pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Stannite group - Cu Fe Sn S | --- #152 --- Quartz-wolframite vein (tin-tungsten ore) in greisen, Cligga Head, Cornwall, England |
| Stibnite - Sb | --- #10 --- Stibnite from South Africa |
| Stibnite - Sb | --- #137 --- Stibnite, antimony ore from Romania (MM04) |
| Stibnite in cinnabar - Sb Hg | --- #4 ---- Cinnabar, mercury ore from Almaden, Spain |
| Stibnite - Sb (notes) | --- #268 --- Native arsenic in Sarawak |
| Stichtite - Mg Cr | --- #250 --- Stichtite, Mg Cr carbonate, from Tasmania, Australia |
| Stilbite | --- #142 --- Zeolites and apophyllite from Pune (Poona), Maharashtra, India |
| Strontium minerals - Sr | --- #280 --- Native sulphur on celestine, Michigan, U.S.A. |
| Structures / structural geology | --- ---- --- See also "microstructures" |
| Structures - folds | --- #262 --- Folded evaporite strata, New Brunswick |
| Structures - shatter cones | --- #75 --- Shatter cone, Slate Islands, N.W. Ontario |
| Structures - stylolites | --- #78 --- Native gold, Hoyle Pond, Timmins, Ontario |
| Structures - slickensides | --- #82 --- Slickensides, northwest Ontario |
| Structures - breccia | --- #89 --- Brecciated chert, Western Australia |
| Structures - corona texture | --- #150 --- Coronitic Grenville metagabbro, Muskoka district, Ontario |
| Stylolites | --- #78 --- Native gold, Hoyle Pond, Timmins, Ontario |
| Sudbury breccia and ejecta | --- #213 --- Impact ejecta, breccias and ore, Thunder Bay and Sudbury, Ontario |
| Suessite - Fe Si(no specific illustration) | --- #44 --- Silicides in fulgurite and ferrosilicon |
| Sulphates - Ba | --- #228 --- Barite on quartz, Jiangxi, China |
| Sulphates - Ca | --- #165 --- Sand-infused gypsum "rose", Aransas Pass, Texas, U.S.A. |
| Sulphates - Ca | --- #262 --- Folded evaporite strata, New Brunswick |
| Sulphates - Ca | --- #288 --- Gypsum, Atacama desert, Chile |
| Sulphates - Pb | --- #287 --- Anglesite and galena, Joplin, Missouri, U.S.A. |
| Sulphates - Sr | --- #280 --- Native sulphur on celestine, Michigan, U.S.A. |
| Sulphides - Cu | --- #115 --- Chalcopyrite ore, McCreedy West mine, Sudbury, Ontario |
| Sulphides - Cu | --- #213 --- Impact ejecta, and chalcopyrite ore, McCreedy West mine, Sudbury, Ontario |
| Sulphides - Cu | --- #190 --- Sudbury copper-PGE ore, Broken Hammer deposit |
| Sulphides - Cu | --- #171 --- Germanite in Cu Ge (Zn) ore, Tsumeb, Namibia |
| Sulphides - Cu | --- #148 --- Silica-flooded sulphidic ore, Mineral de Pozos, Guanajuato, Mexico |
| Sulphides - iss "matte" | --- #176 --- Slag from the Durango mining district, Colorado, U.S.A. |
| Sulphides - iss "matte" | --- #27 --- Copper-rich slag, Belleville, Ontario |
| Sulphides - pyrite - Fe | --- #36 --- Pyrite from Navajun, Spain |
| Sulphides - pyrite - Fe | --- #42 --- Pyrite from Nanisivik, Baffin Island, Nunavut |
| Sulphides - pyrite - Fe | --- #68 --- Sulphidic charnockite, Kodaikanal, south India |
| Sulphides - pyrite - Fe | --- #172 --- Pyrite sun (concretion), Illinois, U.S.A. |
| Sulphides - pyrrhotite - Fe | --- #68 --- Sulphidic charnockite, Kodaikanal, south India |
| Sulphides - troilite - Fe | --- #127 --- Seymchan pallasite / iron meteorite, Siberia |
| Sulphides - Fe As | --- #153 --- Gold skarn with arsenopyrite, Osoyoos, southern Okanagan, British Columbia |
| Sulphides - Fe Ni Cu | --- #97 --- Massive sulphide bear as folk-art carving (Sudbury, Ontario) |
| Sulphides - Hg | --- #4 ---- Cinnabar, mercury ore from Almaden, Spain |
| Sulphides - molybdenite - Mo | --- #253 --- Molybdenite from Boss Mountain, British Columbia |
| Sulphides - Ni | --- #240 ---- Pentlandite-rich ore, Nova mine, W.Australia |
| Sulphides - Ni Pd (Pt Cu) - note | --- #286 --- Pt-Pd ore, Stillwater complex, Montana, U.S.A. |
| Sulphides - Ni | --- #5 ---- Violarite, nickel ore from Sudbury, Ontario |
| Sulphides - Pb As | --- #99 --- Galena, quartz and orpiment, Peru |
| Sulphides - As Sb | --- #268 --- Native arsenic in Sarawak |
| Sulphides - As | --- #180 --- Arsenic sulphides realgar and orpiment from China |
| Sulphides - Pb Zn | --- #48 --- Zinc-lead vein from the Grenville province of S.E. Ontario |
| Sulphides - Pb Zn Ag | --- #175 --- "Zebra rock", a lead-zinc-silver ore from Colorado, U.S.A. |
| Sulphides - Pb Zn | --- #196 --- Unusual galena habit from Madan, Bulgaria |
| Sulphides - Pb Ag | --- #200 --- Galena crystal habits, Viburnum Trend, Missouri and Keno Hill, Yukon |
| Sulphides - galena - Pb | --- #214 --- Galena crystal habits, Huanzala, Peru & Madan, Bulgaria |
| Sulphides - Sb | --- #10 --- Stibnite from South Africa |
| Sulphides - Sb | --- #137 --- Stibnite, antimony ore from Romania (MM04) |
| Sulphides - Zn | --- #12 --- Banded sphalerite from Nanisivik, Baffin Island, Nunavut |
| Sulphides - Zn | --- #59 --- Sphalerite-rich ore, Lake District, N.W. England |
| Sulphides - Zn | --- #198 --- Sphalerite in fluorescent zinc ore, New Jersey, U.S.A. |
| Sulphides - Zn Cd (etc) | --- #215 --- Sphalerite (zinc ore / chemistry), Long Lake, Ontario & Balmat, New York |
| Sulphides - Zn Cu Ge Ga | --- #171 --- Germanite in Cu Ge (Zn) ore, Tsumeb, Namibia |
| Sulphides - Zn Cu Pb Ag | --- #148 --- Silica-flooded sulphidic ore, Mineral de Pozos, Guanajuato, Mexico |
| Sulphides - Zn Pb Ag Cu | --- #251 --- Polymetallic Zn-Pb-Ag-Cu ore, Charcas, San Luis Potosi, Mexico |
| Sulphides - stannite group - Cu Fe Sn | --- #152 --- Quartz-wolframite vein (tin-tungsten ore) in greisen, Cligga Head, Cornwall, England |
| Sulphides - Zn Pb Cu | --- #175 --- "Zebra rock", a lead-zinc-silver ore from Colorado, U.S.A. |
| Sulphosalts - Ag | --- #20 --- Silver ore, Fresnillo, Zacatecas, Mexico |
| Sulphosalts - Cu Pb Sb | --- #96 --- Bournonite from Pulacayo, Bolivia |
| Sulphosalts - Fe Sb | --- #8 ---- Berthierite, Iron-antimony sulphide from Borneo |
| Sulphosalts - Pb Sn Sb | --- #33 --- Cylindrite from Bolivia |
| Sulphosalts - Tl | --- #19 --- Thallium in nature (Utah, U.S.A.) |
| Sulphosalts - Cu Fe As S Ge | --- #171 --- Tennantite in Cu Ge ore, Tsumeb, Namibia |
| Sulphur - S | --- #280 --- Native sulphur on celestine, Michigan, U.S.A. |
| Syenites | --- #57 --- Pulaskite (syenite) from Rossland, British Columbia |
| Syenites | --- #138 --- Eudialyte syenite from Kipawa, Quebec (MM02) |
| Syenites | --- #281 --- Sodalite syenite, Bancroft, Ontario, Canada |
| Sylvanite - Au Ag Te | --- #161 --- Gold-silver tellurides, Colorado, U.S.A., II |
| Sylvinite (note) | --- #262 --- Folded evaporite strata, New Brunswick |
| Tachylyte (basaltic glass) | --- #243 ---
Crinanite from the Isle of Arran, western Scotland |
| Taenite - Ni Fe | --- #127 --- Seymchan pallasite / iron meteorite, Siberia |
| Tectosilicates - feldspars - antiperthite (not visible) | --- #71 --- Oxide-rich pegmatite, Grenville province, S.E. Ontario |
| Tectosilicates - microcline feldspar | --- #103 --- Amazonite feldspar from Quebec |
| Tectosilicates - microcline feldspar | --- #105 --- Amazonite feldspar from Sidamo, southern Ethiopia |
| Tectosilicates - microcline feldspar | --- #261 --- Graphic granite, Havey pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Tectosilicates - microcline feldspar | --- #281 --- Sodalite syenite, Bancroft, Ontario, Canada |
| Tectosilicates - orthoclase feldspar | --- #29 --- Shap granite, Lake District, England |
| Tectosilicates - orthoclase feldspar | --- #100 --- Pegmatitic granite from Cornwall, England |
| Tectosilicates - orthoclase feldspar | --- #179 --- Textures in a rapakivi granite from Beijing, China |
| Tectosilicates - plagioclase feldspar | --- #50 --- Calcic anorthosite, northern Ontario |
| Tectosilicates - plagioclase feldspar | --- #235 --- Volcanic rocks of the Pico de Orizaba, Mexico |
| Tectosilicates - plagioclase feldspar | --- #281 --- Sodalite syenite, Bancroft, Ontario, Canada |
| Tectosilicates - plagioclase feldspar (notes) | --- #283 --- Cleavelandite (albite), Mount Mica pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Tectosilicates - feldspathoids | --- #281 --- Sodalite syenite, Bancroft, Ontario, Canada |
| Tectosilicates - scapolite | --- #90 --- Scapolite from Quebec |
| Tectosilicates - silica - agate | --- #269 --- Agate (locality unknown) |
| Tectosilicates - silica | --- #206 --- Quartz as semi-precious stone, with amethyst |
| Tectosilicates - quartz | --- #261 --- Graphic granite, Havey pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Tectosilicates - quartz | --- #292 --- Gold in quartz pebble conglomerates, Witwatersrand, South Africa |
| Tectosilicates - silica | --- #6 ---- Opal in Volcanic rock from Honduras |
| Tectosilicates - silica | --- #16 --- Chert & chalcedony (Pennsylvania, U.S.A.) |
| Tectosilicates - silica | --- #23 --- Chert & microfossils (Pennsylvania, U.S.A.) |
| Tectosilicates - silica | --- #24 --- Chert provenance (Pennsylvania, U.S.A.) |
| Tectosilicates - silica | --- #34 --- Flint walls, Essex, England |
| Tectosilicates - silica (jasper) | --- #88 --- Banded iron formation, Western Australia |
| Tectosilicates - silica | --- #89 --- Brecciated chert, Western Australia |
| Tectosilicates - silica | --- #73 --- Amethyst, Thunder Bay, N.W. Ontario |
| Tectosilicates - silica | --- #76 --- Chert from the Crowe valley, S.E. Ontario |
| Tectosilicates - silica | --- #79 --- Fractured flint from Essex, England |
| Tectosilicates - quartz | --- #153 --- Gold skarn with arsenopyrite, Osoyoos, southern Okanagan, British Columbia |
| Tectosilicates - quartz - Si | --- #206 --- Quartz as semi-precious stone: nine faceted examples |
| Tectosilicates - quartz veins | --- #225 --- Extensional quartz veins, Cork and Kerry, southern Ireland |
| Tectosilicates - quartz veins | --- #253 --- Molybdenite from Boss Mountain, British Columbia |
| Tectosilicates - sodalite | --- #281 --- Sodalite syenite, Bancroft, Ontario, Canada |
| Tektites | --- #55 --- Tektites from China |
| Tektites | --- #156 --- Historic "soccer ball" tektite from the Philippines |
| Tektites (brief note) | --- #259 ---
Obsidian from southern Iceland |
| Tellurides - Au Ag Te | --- #158 --- Calaverite, Colorado, U.S.A. |
| Tellurides - Au Ag Te | --- #161 --- Calaverite and sylvanite, Colorado, U.S.A. |
| Tellurides - Pb Bi Ag Te | --- #67 --- Rucklidgeite, volynskite, altaite, N.E. Ontario |
| Temnospondyls | ---
#247 ---
Glanochthon, Permian amphibian, Germany (MM08) |
| Tempestite | --- #219 --- Tempestite - Jixian dolostone, Tianjin, China |
| Tenebrescence | --- #281 --- Sodalite syenite, Bancroft, Ontario, Canada |
| Tennantite - Cu Fe As S | --- #171 --- Germanite in Cu Ge ore, Tsumeb, Namibia |
| Tetrataenite - Ni Fe (no illustration) | --- #193 --- Agoudal IIAB iron meteorite, Morocco |
| Thalassinoides - trace fossils | --- #187 --- Thalassinoides, burrow, trace fossil from lower Chalk of Norfolk, England |
| Thalassinoides - trace fossils | --- #211 --- Tyndall stone, trace fossils, Ordovician limestone, Manitoba |
| Thallium minerals - Tl | --- #19 --- Thallium in nature (Utah, U.S.A.) |
| Thanatocoenosis - paleoecology | --- #208 --- Shelly Ordovician limestone, Campbellford, southeast Ontario |
| Thomson structure | --- ---- --- See "Widmanstatten pattern" |
| Thucholite | --- #64 --- Anthraxolite hydrocarbon, Sudbury, Ontario |
| Thucholite | --- #292 --- Gold in quartz pebble conglomerates, Witwatersrand, South Africa |
| Time scales | --- #212 --- Geochronology, oldest rocks, Earth history |
| Tin - Sn - cassiterite | --- #209 --- Rich cassiterite tin ore, Cornwall, England |
| Titanite | --- #167 --- Titanite (sphene) from the Grenville province, Ontario |
| Titanium carbide, TiC | --- #44 --- Silicides in fulgurite and ferrosilicon |
| Todorokite - Mn | --- #157 --- Manganese ores, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa |
| Topaz | --- #120 --- Quartz-tourmaline-topaz rock, Cornwall, England (photo, brief note) |
| Tourmaline | --- ---- --- See "borosilicates" |
| Trace fossils | --- #187 --- Thalassinoides, burrow, trace fossil from the lower Chalk of Norfolk, England |
| Trace fossils | --- #211 --- Tyndall stone, trace fossils, Ordovician limestone, Manitoba |
| Trace fossils (note only) | --- #247 ---
Glanochthon, Permian amphibian, Germany (MM08) |
| Trace fossils | --- #289 --- Dinosaur footprints, Isle of Wight, Hampshire, U.K. |
Glanochthon, Permian amphibian, Germany (MM08)
| Trachyte | --- #241 --- Trachyte lava, Tigrai, Ethiopia |
| Trachytic texture | --- #241 --- Trachytic feldspars in trachyte, Tigrai, Ethiopia |
| Tranquillityite Fe Ti Zr Y | --- #270 --- Tranquillityite in dolerite (diabase), W.Australia |
| Trilobites | --- ---- --- See "fossils" section |
| Triphane - spodumene var. (note) | --- #257 --- Spodumene, pegmatite, Maine, U.S.A. |
| Troctolite | --- #31 --- Allivalite, Rhum, Scotland |
| Troilite - Fe S | --- #127 --- Seymchan pallasite / iron meteorite, Siberia |
| Troilite - Fe S | --- #116 --- Springwater pallasite meteorite, Saskatchewan |
| Troilite - Fe S | --- #135 --- Covert H5 ordinary chondrite meteorite, Kansas, U.S.A. |
| Troilite - Fe S | --- #173 --- Maslyanino iron meteorite with silicate inclusions, Russia |
| Troilite - Fe S | --- #233 --- Dronino sulphide-rich iron meteorite, Russia |
| Troilite - Fe S | --- #254 --- Saint-Aubin IIIAB iron meteorite, France |
| Troilite - Fe S | --- #284 --- Aletai IIIE-ANOM iron meteorite, China |
| Tuff | --- #160 --- Dolerite and volcanic tuff, Dyfed, Wales |
| Tuff | --- #53 --- Halleflinta from southwest Wales |
| Tungstates - Fe Mn W | --- #152 --- Quartz-wolframite vein (tin-tungsten ore) in greisen, Cligga Head, Cornwall, England |
| Tungsten - W | --- #152 --- Quartz-wolframite vein (tin-tungsten ore) in greisen, Cligga Head, Cornwall, England |
| Tyndall stone | --- #211 --- Tyndall stone, trace fossils, Ordovician limestone, Manitoba |
| Ultramafic rocks | --- ---- --- See also "dunite", "peridotite","troctolite", "chromitite" (chromite), "xenoliths", etc |
| Ultramafic rocks - komatiite | --- #264 --- Komatiite, Abitibi greenstone belt, Ontario |
| Ultramafic rocks | --- #144 --- Keweenawan peridotite, Midcontinent Rift, Eagle project, Michigan, U.S.A. |
| Ultramafic rocks | --- #155 --- Dunitic mantle xenolith from Mount Leura, western Victoria, Australia |
| Umangite - Cu Se | --- #61 --- Umangite: selenides from Moravia and Saskatchewan |
| U minerals (note) - U | --- #292 --- Gold in quartz pebble conglomerates, Witwatersrand, South Africa |
| Uraninite (note) - U | --- #292 --- Gold in quartz pebble conglomerates, Witwatersrand, South Africa |
| Uranpecherz (note) - U | --- #292 --- Gold in quartz pebble conglomerates, Witwatersrand, South Africa |
| Uvarovite - Ca Cr garnet (formula only) | --- #234 --- Garnet skarn, Rossland, British Columbia |
| Vanadates - Pb V | --- #131 --- Vanadinite from Morocco |
| Veins - amethyst, barite - Si Ba | --- #73 --- Amethyst, Thunder Bay, N.W. Ontario |
| Veins - arsenides - Co Ni As | --- #40 --- Cobalt-nickel arsenide ore, Cobalt district, Ontario |
| Veins - chalcopyrite - Cu | --- #190 --- Sudbury copper-PGE ore, Broken Hammer deposit |
| Veins - gold - Au | --- #78 --- Native gold from Timmins, Ontario |
| Veins - quartz | --- #225 --- Extensional quartz veins, Cork and Kerry, southern Ireland |
| Veins - quartz - Mo | --- #253 --- Molybdenite from Boss Mountain, British Columbia |
| Veins - silver - Ag | --- #126 --- Native silver in vein, Silver Islet, Thunder Bay area, Ontario |
| Veins - silver sulphosalts - Ag | --- #20 --- Silver ore, Fresnillo, Zacatecas, Mexico |
| Veins - sperrylite - Pt As | --- #81 --- Sperrylite, Sudbury, Ontario |
| Veins - tin-tungsten ore - Fe Mn W Sn | --- #152 --- Quartz-wolframite vein (tin-tungsten ore) in greisen, Cligga Head, Cornwall, England |
| Veins - zinc and lead - Pb Zn | --- #48 --- Zinc-lead vein from the Grenville province of S.E. Ontario |
| Veins - zinc-rich polymetallic - Zn | --- #148 --- Silica-flooded sulphidic ore, Mineral de Pozos, Guanajuato, Mexico |
| Ventifacts (wind-shaped stones) | --- #265 --- Ventifacts from southeast Iceland |
| Vertebrate fossils | --- ---- --- See "fossils" section |
| Vesicles - basalts | --- #258 --- Pahoehoe basalts, Hawaii and Iceland |
| Vesicles - basalts | --- #274 ---
Zeolites in basalts of Iceland and beyond |
| Vesicles - basalts | --- #290 ---
Vesicular basalt, Paricutin volcano, Mexico
|
| Violarite - Ni | --- #5 ---- Violarite, nickel ore from Sudbury, Ontario |
| Volcanic bomb | --- #108 --- Basaltic volcanic bomb, Mount Fuji, Japan |
| Volcanics - andesite | --- #62 --- Mineralized andesite, Guanajuato, Mexico |
| Volcanics - andesite | --- #147 --- Andesite lava from Poas volcano, at Bosque de Paz, Costa Rica |
| Volcanics - andesite | --- #235 --- Volcanic rocks of the Pico de Orizaba, Mexico |
| Volcanics - andesite | --- #236 ---
Porphyritic andesites, La Malinche volcano, Mexico |
| Volcanics - basalt | --- #108 --- Basaltic volcanic bomb, Mount Fuji, Japan |
| Volcanics - basalt | --- #258 --- Pahoehoe basalts, Hawaii and Iceland |
| Volcanics - basalt | --- #130 --- Basalt, Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia |
| Volcanics - vesicular basalt | --- #290 ---
Vesicular basalt, Paricutin volcano, Mexico
|
| Volcanics - basalt-derived sediment | --- #141 --- Fossiliferous basalt (no, really!) from Iceland |
| Volcanics - basalt with native Fe | --- #121 --- Putorana metal-rich basalt / pseudometeorite, Siberia |
| Volcanics - xenolithic basalt | --- #155 --- Dunitic mantle xenolith from Mount Leura, western Victoria, Australia |
| Volcanics - xenolithic basalt | --- #217 --- Peridotite mantle xenoliths in basalt, North China craton, Hebei, China |
| Volcanics - zeolitic basalts | --- #274 ---
Zeolites in basalts of Iceland and beyond |
| Volcanics - komatiite | --- #264 --- Komatiite, Abitibi greenstone belt, Ontario |
| Volcanics - obsidian | --- #259 ---
Obsidian from southern Iceland |
| Volcanics - peperite | --- #114 --- Peperite identified in outcrop in Tigrai, Ethiopia |
| Volcanics - pitchstone | --- #237 ---
Glassy andesite ("pitchstone"), Popocatepetl volcano, Mexico |
| Volcanics - pitchstone | --- #242 ---
Pitchstone from Arran, Scotland |
| Volcanics - trachyte | --- #241 --- Trachyte, Tigrai, Ethiopia |
| Volcanics - tuff | --- #160 --- Spotted dolerite and volcanic tuff, Dyfed, Wales |
| Volcanic-like impact ejecta | --- #159 --- Lapilli tuff / cherty sediment of Sudbury impact event, central Ontario |
| Volcanic-like impact ejecta | --- #213 --- Impact ejecta, Thunder Bay, Ontario |
| Volcanoes - fissure eruption | --- #258 --- Pahoehoe basalts, Hawaii and Iceland |
| Volynskite - Bi Ag Te | --- #67 --- Rucklidgeite, rare telluride, N.E. Ontario |
| Wavellite | --- #199 --- Wavellite from north Devon, England |
| Websterite | --- #240 ---- Mineralized rocks at the Nova mine, W.Australia |
| Weissbergite - Tl | --- #19 --- Thallium in nature (Utah, U.S.A.) |
| Widmanstatten pattern in iron meteorites | --- #86 --- Gibeon iron meteorite, Namibia |
| Widmanstatten pattern in iron meteorites | --- #254 --- Saint-Aubin IIIAB iron meteorite, France |
| Widmanstatten pattern in Seymchan | --- #127 --- Photo, slice of Seymchan pallasite, Far Eastern Russia |
| Willemite - Zn | --- #198 --- Zn silicate in fluorescent zinc ore, New Jersey, U.S.A. |
| Winonaites | --- ---- --- See "meteorites - achondrites" |
| Wolframite - Fe Mn W | --- #152 --- Quartz-wolframite vein (tin-tungsten ore) in greisen, Cligga Head, Cornwall, England |
| Xenoliths | --- #155 --- Dunitic mantle xenolith from Mount Leura, western Victoria, Australia |
| Xenoliths | --- #217 --- Peridotite mantle xenoliths in basalt, North China craton, Hebei, China |
| Xenoliths | --- #236 ---
Microdiorite in andesite, La Malinche volcano, Mexico |
| Xifengite - Fe Si (no specific illustration) | --- #44 --- Silicides in fulgurite and ferrosilicon |
| Yakutite - C | --- #26 --- Diamond and carbonado, Siberia & Africa |
| Zebra ore / zebra rock | --- #175 --- "Zebra rock", a lead-zinc-silver ore from Colorado, U.S.A. |
| Zebra rock (lapidary product) | --- #263 --- Stripey, spotted siltstone, East Kimberleys, W.Australia |
| Zeolites | --- #142 --- Zeolites and apophyllite from Pune (Poona), Maharashtra, India |
| Zeolites - analcime | --- #243 ---
Crinanite from the Isle of Arran, western Scotland |
| Zeolites - various | --- #274 ---
Zeolites in basalts of Iceland and beyond |
| Zeolites - natrolite / hydronephelite | --- #281 --- Sodalite syenite, Bancroft, Ontario, Canada |
| Zinc - Zn | --- ---- --- See "sulphides" (Zn), "smithsonite", "franklinite", "willemite" |
| Zinc minerals - short list | --- #195 --- Smithsonite from Tsumeb, Namibia |
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